| According to General Secretary Xi's important instruction of "Splendid competitions,and brilliant competitions",the important mission of competitive sports is to make the strengths stronger,make up for the shortcomings,and comprehensively improve the competitive ability.Sports training is an important way to improve athletic ability.Players in all athletic events need to continuously train hard to reach the peak of athletics.Our country's men's sprint has made a historic breakthrough,and the overall strength has been improved.Grasping the "main contradiction" helps to objectively grasp the law of its special trainingResearch purposes:Based on basic theories such as sports training,explore the core competitive ability characteristics of Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprint,namely the performance characteristics of core competitive ability and the training characteristics of core competitive ability,and clarify the connotation of the "core competitive ability" of Chinese men's 100m sprinters,The characteristics of the dominant constituent elements and their interrelationships are aimed at enriching the special theoretical foundation of China's 100m sprint project and providing theoretical and practical support for special trainingResearch method:Taking the core competitive ability characteristics of Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinters as the research object.Use the literature method to sort out and systematically review the core competitive ability of 100m sprinters;use the expert interview method to obtain first-hand data and arguments on the core competitive ability characteristics of Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinters;use the questionnaire method to investigate their core competitive ability Screen and determine relevant indicators;use testing methods to measure the physical fitness,skills,and mental abilities of the national sprint team;use video shooting analysis method to analyze the key technical indicators of China' s outstanding men's 100m sprinters;use gray correlation analysis to analyze the key technical indicators of China' s outstanding men's 100m sprinters Correlation analysis of the relevant test indicators of the core competitive ability of Chinese outstanding male sprinters;Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test is used to analyze the relevant test indicators of the core competitive ability of Chinese outstanding male 100m sprinters;the hierarchical clustering method is used for analysis Related indicators of the core competitive ability of China's outstanding male sprinters,determine the distance matrix,and generate a hierarchical tree-like pedigreeResearch results:1.The core competitive ability test index system of Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinters is composed of physical fitness(physical form:Mj4.47,Vj0.1544;physiological function:Mj4.75,Vj0.0973;physical fitness:Mj5.00,Vj0.0000),skills(Mj4.92,Vj0.0612)and mental abilities(Mj4.56,Vj0.1511)2.The height of the Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinter is 1.79±4.96cm,weight 72.33+5.00kg,body fat percentage 15.79%±2.42%,Quetelet index 404.39±19.81g/cm,lower limb length 105.58±2.54cm,iliac width/Shoulder width×100 index,ankle circumference/Achilles tendon length×100 index is small;vital capacity is 4482±25.14ml,heart rate is 70.31±3.58 beats/min;Chinese excellent men's 100m sprinter special speed and speed endurance quality indicators and sports The gray correlation degree of the results,from high to low,is:squatting 60m start with gun(0.788)>squatting 30m start with gun(0.708)>standing 150m running(0.706)>standing 60m running(0.668)>walking room 60m running(0.658)>standing 30m running(0.649)>standing 300m running(0.563)>30m running(0.529);the gray correlation between the specific strength and strength endurance of Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinters and sports performance The highest comprehensive evaluation of standing triple jump(relevance:0.802),and the lowest gray correlation of half-squat(0.588);the gray correlations of various indexes of flexibility and athletic performance of Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinters,and comprehensive forward bending in sitting position The highest evaluation(0.874),the lowest gray correlation degree of the vertical cross(0.652);the gray correlation degree between the sensitivity and sports performance of the outstanding men's 100m sprinter in China,the gray correlation degree between the 20m back run(0.956)and the hurdle(0.948),20s standing support has the lowest correlation(0.564)3.The number of steps during the acceleration phase of the start and the performance of Chinese men's sprinters are moderately negatively correlated,and the step length index during the running phase is highly negatively correlated with athletic performance;in the 2017 National Games,the 2018 National Athletics Grand Prix and 2019 In the men's 100m sprint finals of the 2016 World Track and Field Championships,the average step length of the athletes in the starting phase(H=1.099,P>0.05)and the step length index(H=3.608,P>0.05),and the average step length in the acceleration phase after the start(H=0.806,P>0.05)and step length index(H=1.572,P>0.05),average step length(H=1.233,P>0.05)and step length index(H=0.957,P>0.05)There was no significant difference,while during the running phase,the average step length was not significantly different,while the step length index showed a significant difference;the 2017 National Games,the 2018 National Athletics Grand Prix(Zhaoqing Station)and 2019 There is no significant difference in the full step length of Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinters in the trials of the Athletics World Championships,and the full step length index shows a significant difference(H=10.296,P=0.006);Chinese outstanding men's sprinters are in the starting stage(0-30m)The average stride frequency showed a significant difference(H=6.695,P=0.035).The Bonferroni method was used to correct the significance level.The average stride frequency at the start stage of the 2018 National Athletics Grand Prix Zhaoqing Station and the 2019 Athletics World Championships trials was not significant Difference,but the average cadence is significantly lower than the average cadence of the finalists in the 2017 National Games,the average cadence(H=1.21,P>0.05)in the acceleration phase(30-60m section)after the start,and midway running There was no significant difference in the average cadence(H=4.865,P>0.05)of the stage(60-90m section)and the average cadence(H=2.727,P>0.05)of the finish stage(90-100m section).There was no significant difference in average cadence(H=0.971,P>0.05);the split speeds of the men's 100m sprint finalists in the 2019 World Championships Trials and the 2018 National Athletics Grand Prix Zhaoqing Station were significantly lower than the 2017 National Games The segment speed of finalists(p<0.005),the average speed of the 10-20m section showed a significant difference,the average speed of the 20-30m section showed a significant difference,and the overall starting ability was significantly improved.The average speed has a significant difference.After Bonferroni corrected the significance level,the average speed of the 90-100m section of the Zhaoqing station in the 2018 National Athletics Grand Prix was significantly higher than the average speed of the 2017 National Games finalists(p=0.013)4.The grey correlation degree of the mental ability of the excellent men's 100m sprinters in my country and their sports performance,from high to low,is:individual failure anxiety(0.866)>initiative(0.855)>tenacity(0.846)>social expectation anxiety(0.837)>physical anxiety(0.799)>self-confidence(0.794)>self-control(0.788)>self-consciousness(0.777)>decisiveness(0.761)5.During the 2018-2019 winter training period,the Su Bingtian team had a total of 178 training sessions,91 physical training sessions,74 skill training sessions,and 13 psychological training sessions;the Xie Zhenye team had a total of 165 training sessions during the 2018-2019 winter training period.There are 85 physical training sessions,66 skill training sessions,and 14 psychological training sessionsResearch conclusions:1.Chinese outstanding men's 100m sprinter's core competitive ability components include physical fitness,skills and psychological ability.The three are in a close relationship of mutual influence,mutual integration,interaction,and mutual restraint2.The physical performance characteristics of China's outstanding men's 100m sprinters:in terms of physical characteristics,the body is medium-sized,low subcutaneous fat,low body fat percentage,long lower limbs,small thighs and short legs,narrow hip circumference,slim and flat ankle circumference,Iliac width/shoulder width×100 index,ankle circumference/Achilles tendon length×100 index is small;in terms of physiological function characteristics,creatine kinase activity reached a peak value in the 5th week and reached a trough value in the first week.The activity of creatine phosphokinase was statistically different between week 1 and week 5.Serum testosterone activity gradually increased significantly from week 3 to week 7.In terms of physical fitness characteristics,absolute speed>reaction speed>speed endurance>acceleration speed,Reaction strength>fast strength>maximum strength>strength endurance,in terms of flexibility quality test index,the comprehensive evaluation of sitting body forward bend is the highest,in terms of agility quality test index,20m back run>hurdle frame>30s quadrant jump>20s stand-up support3.The technical performance characteristics of China's outstanding men's 100m sprinters:the overall trend is towards a balanced stride length and stride frequency;the whole stride length index is small,and the stride frequency index is large;the average step length during the start phase,the acceleration phase after the start and the midway running phase Small and fast stride frequency,the stride frequency in the sprint stage drops sharply,the stride length continues to increase,and reaches the maximum,which reminds excellent sprinters in China to strengthen the training of stride length ability;in terms of segment speed,30-80m section,90-There is a significant difference in the segmental speed of the 100m section,and there is no significant difference in the segmental speed of the first 30m.The overall average speed curve shows a wave-shaped double-peak trend,and the speed drop rate in the 90-100m section is high;the average touchdown time and empty time in the whole process On the one hand,the average ground contact time is 107.5±5.12ms,the average empty time is 109.3±5.77ms,and the proportion of support time and empty time are 49.22%±1.15%and 50.78%±1.15%,respectively4.Mental performance characteristics of my country's outstanding men's 100m sprinters:using the sports psychology scale test,the gray correlation degree between various indicators of mental ability and sports performance in descending order is:individual failure anxiety>initiative>toughness>society Anticipation anxiety>physical anxiety>self-confidence>self-control>self-consciousness>decisiveness5.The training characteristics of the core competitive ability of China's outstanding men's 100m sprinters:in terms of physical training characteristics,physical training accounts for 50.93%of the total training sessions;in terms of skill training characteristics,the proportion of technical training in the Su Bingtian group is 1.38%higher than that of the Xie Zhenye group,The difference between the two is not significant,and both pay more attention to the optimization of technical training and technical shortcomings.The technical training methods focus on speeding training(11.7m/s),small hurdles and fixed spacing running,power training and resistance training;in mental ability training In terms of characteristics,the proportion of psychological training during the 2018-2019 winter training period of Su Bingtian group was 7.52%,and the proportion of psychological training during the 2018-2019 winter training period of Xie Zhenye group was 8.31%.The psychological training methods used by the Su Bingtian and Xie Zhenye groups:volition training,concentration training,simulation training,recovery training,breathing rhythm training,and muscle relaxation training. |
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