Governing The Problems Of Intergenerational Income Mobility In Current China

Currently,problems like unequal distribution of income and growing wealth gap in China has always attracted the strong attention of all walks of life and got high attention from government.According to data issued by the State Statistics Bureau,China Gini coefficient was 0.469 in 2014 and was in the high bit field.In addition,tendency of intergenerational transmission of income gap was significant since this century,and "the second generation" phenomenon in hierarchies like "rich,poor and bureaucrat" has been concerned by society and discussed.Under the background of market economy,intergenerational income mobility means that there are more opportunities of equal competition among son generation,which were mainly benefited from or restrained by father generation.Problem about fair opportunity result from intergenerational income mobility has been gradually valued by academic circle and society and has become one of the hot topics in the discussion of social equity.Meanwhile,it is also an important issue which is unavoidably faced with and required to solve.In real life,how does the result of resident income transmit in intergeneration?What’re factors that affecting intergenerational income mobility?How does the transmission mechanism produce in the mobile process of intergenerational income?Is it possible to adjust and improve intergenerational income mobility by targeted public policies or institutional arrangement?By analyzing and responding these problems,it can expand a new horizon to understand the formation of income gap and is helpful to recognize gap of income distribution and mobility in Chinese society today in a right way,and meanwhile provide reference and evidence for the formulation of relevant policies.Current studies on intergenerational income mobility are mainly related to economics and sociology,and measure and analysis on intergenerational income mobility conducted by overseas researchers are relatively rich,and its research result is possessed of certain reference significance for research and practice in this field.China has its unique traditional culture and social structure as well as special policy environment,all of which play the important restrain role in China intergenerational income mobility.However,most of existing relative researches in China only measure the adherence of intergenerational income but not deeply discuss the transmission mechanism and influence factors of intergenerational income mobility under social background of China,and even conducted little studies on relevance and countermeasure of intergenerational income mobility and social equity in the perspective of public administration.The significance of this research is to respond and explore these problems.According to qualitative and quantitative analysis performed in the research,it draws the following conclusion.Firstly,existing problems like unequal distribution of income and growing wealth gap in Chinese society over a long period can be explained by studies on intergenerational income mobility."Second generation" phenomenon widely criticized by society is tightly related to stagnation and solidification of intergenerational income mobility,and lower intergenerational income mobility and larger income gap are serious simultaneously.Secondly,there is certain difference of intergenerational income mobility in city and countryside,in regions and in income groups,so it is urgent to adjust intergenerational income mobility in current Chinese society by targeted public policies.Thirdly,institutional environment badly restricts the intergenerational income mobility.The mobility is realized among neighboring generation by human,social and wealth capital.Under the current institutional environment of China,social capital and wealth capital have significant influence on intergenerational income mobility.Fourthly,intergenerational income mobility is a result of multiple factors,and economic,political and social factors act on the intergenerational transmission process of income.Fifthly,government should actively make relevant policies,and drive and implement constant improvement of intergenerational income mobility by deepening the market reform,perfecting institutional improvement,optimizing public education,establishing estate tax system and developing charity.The innovation of the paper was as follows:initially,it is innovation of research perspective.Perspective of public administration and policy instrument was applied to examine problems related to intergenerational income mobility in China today and to widen the research view of income mobility.Next,it is innovation of research content.Basic process of intergenerational income transmission is revealed by systematically and comprehensively analyzing the influence factors and transmission mechanism,and analysis framework "income distribution-income mobility-social equity" is established to explain the relation between intergenerational income mobility and social equity.Last but not least,it is innovation of research method.When intergenerational income mobility at different income hierarchies is measured,quantile regression is used to detect adherence of intergenerational income at different quantile scales;when transmission mechanism of intergenerational income mobility is analyzed,structural equation model is applied to measure the effect of human,social and wealth capital on increase of income of son generation,and consequently to provide information for selection of policy instrument and lay foundation for the future presentation of targeted improvement policies.Study on China intergenerational income mobility and income inequality is of importance in theory and practice,and its research result can not only more deeply explain social reality of China,but also has important reference value for making relevant policies.As continuous improvement of mobility is helpful to solve balanced problem of income distribution,it is necessary to establish a systematical and valid policy system in the view of public administration to supervise and adjust intergenerational income mobility.Shortcomings of the study include:1.The study only focuses on intergenerational mobility of income,but studies on intergenerational mobility in the field of public administration should also involve various aspects like education,occupation and wealth.To recognize and solve current problems of intergenerational mobility in China,complete social mobility analysis system is required to be established furtherly under the framework of public administration.2.Due to the complexity of influence factors and transmission mechanism of intergenerational income mobility,many variables are unable to be quantified accurately,combined with the limitation of CHNS data,and consequently validity of experimental analysis is damaged and there is certain gap between acquired result and real condition in society.