A Study Of Ru-Ying Scholars In Han And Jin Dynasties

As a region with high economic and cultural level in Han and Jin Dynasties,Ru-Ying area was the place where talents were concentrated.At that time,people often called them"Ru-Ying",and there was a saying that"Ru-Ying were many extraordinary man".Ru-Ying scholars were not only outstanding in politics,but also in culture.In the late of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Ru-Ying scholars became increasingly close to each other and became active in the political and cultural arena by means of socializing and character evaluation,which not only had an impact on the political situation in the late of the Eastern Han Dynasty,but also played a certain leading role in the scholars ethos and academic atmosphere in the late of the Eastern Han Dynasty.In the Han-Wei Transitional Period,the Central Plains were in scuffle,and Ru-Ying scholars moved to the regimes.Due to the difference of social class,the choice of relocation of Ru-Ying scholars and the political and cultural influence were also different.The main reason for Ru-Ying scholars moved to the regimes was to seek refuge.Therefore,the political and economic environment as well as the family background and ruling policies of the rulers had a great influence on the choice and settlement of Ru-Ying scholars in the migrant areas.After Ru-Ying scholars moved to the regimes,they lost their roots in their clan and village,so they had a strong dependence and parasitism to the regimes,and derived the control to the rulers of the regimes and the exclusion to the scholars in other regions.In the regimes of Yuan Shao and Liu Biao,due to the imbalance of the rulers’ political balance,Ru-Ying scholars were trusted by the rulers and confuse the rulers,or they were not used by the rulers and be worldly-wise and play safe,which accelerated the decline of Hebei and Jingzhou regimes to some extent.In the regimes of Shu-Han and Sun-Wu,because the rulers adopted the policy of balancing foreign scholars and local scholars,employing both Ru-Ying scholars and local scholars,Ru-Ying scholars could enter the center of their regimes and settle down in the migrant areas,which played a certain role in promoting the development and expansion of the regimes of Shu-Han and Sun-Wu.After Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty made Xuchang the capital,most of the Ru-Ying scholars in the regimes moved back to the Central Plains and entered the Cao Cao regime.Due to the difference of social class,there were cooperation and conflict between the scholars of Ru-Ying and the scholars of Qiao-Pei.Compared with other regimes,the rulers of Cao Cao regime were able to better reconcile the internal contradictions of the regime,enabling Ru-Ying scholars to seek cooperation in the contradictions,which promoted the establishment of Cao Cao’s hegemony to a certain extent.In the Wei-Jin Transitional Period,the political choices of Ru-Ying scholars were varied.Some entered the Sima family regime to develop their own interests and the interests of their families,and later died of arrogance and exclusion.Some of them wandered between their families and their reputations,and their political attitudes were not clear,which eventually caused the Sima family suspicion and died.Some chose to be loyal to the Sima family and they will not hesitate to seek the promotion of their own and family status by means of flattering them.In the Western Jin Dynasty,under the influence of attaching importance to power and family ethos,not only the ruling class struggled for power and profits,but also the Ru-Ying scholars fought among themselves.The concept of region gradually weakened and the concept of family became increasingly strong.Ru-Ying scholars were no longer concerned about the prosperity of the region,but pay attention to the dignity of their families.In the Western and Eastern Jin Transitional Period,the rebellion of the eight kings,the Central Plains area became a battlefield,Ru-Ying scholars chose to enter the king’s mansions and local authorities,in order to protect their lives while enhancing their political status.Because the main purpose of absorbing Ru-Ying scholars was to gain popularity,it was difficult for Ru-Ying scholars to enter the power center and influence the decision-making.Due to the conflicts of political interests among the regional scholars,the living conditions of Ru-Ying scholars in the king’s mansions and local authorities were relatively bad,Only be worldly-wise and play safe,so it was difficult to play its due political role.Ru-Ying scholars,who moved to Jiangdong and entered Sima Rui mansion,was reused.Ru-Ying scholars attached to Sima Rui,which gave Sima Rui a greater advantage in political and social reputation,thus played a certain role in promoting Sima Rui in the establishment of Jiangdong.In Han and Jin Dynasties,the reason why Ru-Ying scholars were "Poverty and frugality" in various regimes was mainly because they were influenced by the Confucian tradition of valuing righteousness over profits and the policies of the rulers.In addition,this was also the consideration of the Ru-Ying scholars to reconcile the internal economic interests contradiction of the regimes.When this contradiction accumulates to a certain degree,it will be intensified,resulting in serious political consequences.Due to the widespread contradiction of economic interests among the regimes in Han and Jin dynasties,whether the rulers of the regimes could reconcile this contradiction was related to the rise and fall of the regimes to a certain extent.Ru-Ying scholars not only had an important influence on the political situation in Han and Jin dynasties,but also played a certain role in promoting the spread of cultural fashion.Although Ru-Ying scholars played an opening and leading role in the empty talk and abnormal behaviour fashion in the Han-Wei Transitional Period,there were not many people who entered into the metaphysics fashion in the Western and Eastern Jin Transitional Period,and their political and cultural advantages gradually lost.