The History Of Rhyme-Table In Tang,Song,Xia,Jin And Yuan Dynasty

The study of Chinese phonetics and its structure in the Tang,Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties is called"qieyunxue"(“切韵学”),which is actually the Phonology of Chinese at that time.The graph showing the Chinese phonetic structure in a rectangular mesh is called"qieyuntu"(“切韵图”).The object of the study of"qieyuntushi"(“切韵图史”)is the rhyme-table in the Tang,Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties.The study focused on the relationship between the rhyme-tables.The logical clues and historical facts of its evolution are revealed according to our research.According to our investigation and collection,there are about 40 rhymes in tang,Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties.There are"yunjing"(《韵镜》),"qiyinlue"(《七音略》),"qieyunzhizhangtu"(《切韵指掌图》),"sishengdengzi"(《四声等子》),"qieyunzhinan"(《切韵指南》)and so on,we can see the hole rhyme chart.Through investigation on the author’s writing motivation,layout rules,literature contact and so on,they can be divided into four series:"yunjingqiyinlue"(“韵镜-七音略”),"huangjijingshi"(“皇极经世”),"sishisizhuan"(“四十四转”),"zhixuan-zhizhangtu"(“指玄-指掌图”).1.The surviving"yunjing"(《韵镜》),"qiyinlue"(《七音略》)and the lost"wuyinyunjing"(《五音韵镜》),"zhiweiyunjing"(《指微韵镜》),"hongyun"(《洪韵》)and"qiyinyunjian"(《七音韵鉴》)can be included in the series of"yunjing-qiyinlue"(“韵镜-七音略”).The purpose of this series is to spread"the study of yunjing(《韵镜》)"and"the study of qiyinlue(《七音略》)".Both are studies of phonology and"fanqie"(“反切”).The basic form is:forty-three tables,begin with labial end with tongue dental,twenty-three columns,most of the characters are based on"guangyun"(《广韵》).2.The surviving"shengyinchanghetu"(《声音唱和图》),"shengyinshu"(《声音数》),"qishujue"(《起数诀》),the lost"shengyinfa"(《声音法》)and"qieyunxinjian"(《切韵心鉴》),"yunpu"(《韵谱》)can be included in the series of"huangjijingshi"(“皇极经世”).The purpose of this series is to explain philosophical problems by using phonetics.The basic form is the system of"tianshengdiyin"(天声地音).3.The lost"qieyunleili"(《切韵类例》)and"luzongmaiqieyunfa"(《卢宗迈切韵法》)can be included in the series of"sishisizhuan"(“四十四转”).Their purpose is similar to that of the first series.The basic form is:forty-four tables,most of the characters are based on"jiyun"(《集韵》).4.The series of"zhixuan-zhizhangtu"(“指玄-指掌图”)include the lost"zhixuanlun"(《指玄论》),"qieyunzhizhangtu"(《切韵指掌图》)and their related works.The purpose of this two series both related to actual speech.They also have similar format.We infer that the earlier motivation of composing rhyme-table is to comb the Chinese phonetic system based on rhyme-book and guided by the theory of siddham alphabet,which serves for the translation of scriptures and cultural exchange.The rhyme diagram of each series is not separate,but also affects each other.According to the research results of each series,we draw the historical genealogy of the rhyme map,which is presented at the end of the paper.There are two guiding ideology of this article.The first one,the rhyme scheme is"built in layers".Constructing"yuntushi"(“韵图史”)can’t judge by phonetic relations.The second one,constructing"yuntushi"(“韵图史”)must consider the subjective factors of the author.There are five conclusions and innovations in this paper:1.This paper puts forward two phonological terms,"yuntushi"(“韵图史”)and"qieyuntushi"(“切韵图史”),and scientifically defines the connotation and extension of the concept.2.The"yuntushi"(“韵图史”)is divided into the Tang,Song,Xia,Jin,Yuan dynasties and the Ming,Qing Dynasties,and there are germination,maturity and peak,evolution,reform and a new round of peak period.3.The rhyme-table of Tang,Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties was comprehensively examined,and more than 40 of them were collected.4.The rhyme-table is divided into four series,and its inheritance and evolution relationship is sorted out in detail to draw inheritance map.5.Construct a nearly complete"qieyuntushi"(“切韵图史”).It sorts out the sequence of succession and evolution,clarifies its evolution mechanism and draws inheritance map of"qieyuntu"(“切韵图”).