Comparative Study On The Spread Modes Between Harbin Orthodox And Protestantism In The 20th Century

Orthodox and Protestantism have a long history in China,and their influence on Chinese society has been deepening since modern times.This dissertation takes the social and historical environment of the Harbin Orthodox and the Protestantism as the background,takes the time and space development of Harbin as the longitude line,and takes the overall domestic and international political environment changes as the latitude line,this dissertation studies the evolution of the spreading ways of Harbin Orthodox and Protestantism,considers the reasons for the differences of the spreading ways,and tries to reveal the internal factors of the different developing trends of Harbin Orthodox and Protestantism in the 20 th century.This dissertation consists of four parts:The first chapter introduces the social and historical background of Harbin Orthodox and Protestantism,and briefly summarizes and compares the introduction of early Orthodox and Protestantism in China.From the background of the introduction of Russian Orthodox and Protestantism into China,there is no doubt that the introduction of Orthodox into China was related to the expansion of the Russian Empire to the surrounding countries and regions.The first introduction of Protestantism was actually a part of the expansion of the western powers to the east.The second chapter compares the introduction and development period of Harbin Orthodox and Protestantism to the difference of the introduction background,the spread object,the main body and the application of the media,along with the construction of church in this period.The Orthodox and Protestantism in Harbin were introduced in the strong political turbulence,spread and developed continuously because of the immigrants’ arrival.The Orthodox as an alien religion,has maintained the religious beliefs of its own people as its main mission,while the Protestantism has continuously spread its own gospel,they differ markedly in the use of media,in the choice of objects,and in the presentation differences of subjects.The Third chapter discusses latter half of the 20 th century Harbin Orthodox and Protestantism in recovery after the decline,and the gradual development of Protestantism.During this period,the complicated political environment in Harbin had a great impact on the spreading of the two.In terms of the subjects of spreading,due to its strong political dependence,with the change of the political pattern,the belonging of the dioceses kept changing,Orthodox’s original advantages of the spreading subject disappeared.The main body of Protestantism began to break away from the control of the western mission,and moved towards independence and unity.At the same time,a large number of foreigners moved abroad.The spreading objects of Orthodox were lost,while the spreading objects of Protestantism were increasing.Those reasons above resulted in a contrast between Orthodox and Protestantism in mode and extent of media utilization.After the Great Cultural Revolution,policy was open,both gradually recovered.Compared with the small number of Orthodox groups,Protestantism in Harbin showed a growing trend.In the fourth chapter,from internal factors such as the theological doctrines,classics and objects of worship,and the external factors such as religious orders,religious rituals and festivals,the author analyzes the internal factors of the difference of spreading tendency and developing actuality between Orthodox and Protestantism in Harbin.The conservative policies adopted by the Orthodox to the doctrine,ceremony and hierarchy seriously affected its spread.Protestantism is known for its secularism and universalism.Its doctrines,rituals and religious orders are simple,less mysterious and easy to understand.Therefore,fusion degree between Protestantism and Chinese traditional culture is stronger.Although the Orthodox did not have a great impact on Harbin,but these religions left a unique religious architecture and pluralistic culture under historical deposition,still played a special role in the development of Harbin.