Study On Northern Song Sukhavati Literature

Sukhavati Literature is an objective cultural phenomenon in the history of Chinese literature,the crystallization of the integration of Sukhavati Law and poetry creation.Suk-havati Literature is born from Sukhavati Law,Sukhavati Law is flourishing with Sukhavati Literature.Northern Song Dynasty was the peak of Chinese culture,Sukhavati Law flourished again at that time,there will inevitably be a connection between the two.As a result,they would be a whole and inseparable.Poetry was the link between them,which had become one of the manifestations of Sukhavati Law.During the Northern Song Dynasty,Sukhavati Law and literati were connected together by poetry and writing.Sukhavati monks made use of poetry to make friends with literati.On the other hand,literati expressed Sukhavati belief in poetry.Therefore,Sukhavati monks and literati became the main body of the Northern Song Sukhavati Literature,which flourished in the period of time.It inherited the creation tradition of Sukhavati Literature since the Jin and Song Dynasties,and also opened a new trend of Sukhavati literary creation in the Southern Song Dynasty and later.The Northern Song Dynasty as the core time node,to deeply reveal the internal characteristics and to make a comprehensive analysis the causes of formation of Sukhavati Literature.Specifically speaking,mainly from the background of the times,cre-ative theme,ideological content and style and techniques,etc,to carry out the study of Sukhavati Literature in the Northern Song Dynasty.The introduction part uses the method of lexical analysis,to discuss the concepts of Pure,Pure Land,Sukhavati Sect and Sukhavati Literature in turn,to stipulate the connotation and extension of Sukhavati Literature,and to put forward the concept of Northern Song Dynasty Sukhavati Literature.The main part mainly discusses five problems.First,to elaborate the backgrou-nd of the generation of Sukhavati Literature in the Northern Song Dynasty.The prosperity of Sukhavati Law is the premise of the prosperity of Sukhavati Literature.The harsh natural environment and unfair social environment of the Northern Song Dynasty force the people to return to believe in Pure Land.The emergence of the integration of three religions,directly promoted the spread of Sukhavati belief,to further promoted the combination of Confucianism and Sukhavati Law.The accommodation of all Buddhist sects to Sukhavati Law made it more and more respectable.Sukhavati debate made its principle knowledgeable.To establish Sukhavati society realized the secularization of Sukhavati Law,per contra,the association of the literati made it tend to be elegant.Second,to comb the creation of Sukhavati Literature in Northern Song Dynasty.Writers of the early stage were mainly from the Five Dynasties into the Song Dynasty,mainly related to Yanshou,Zanning,Qianchu and others.This period is a preparatory stage,establishing the basic mode of literary creation of Sukhavati in Northern Song Dynasty,and stipulating the content of its creation.In the middle period,the main creative body were born after the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty,mainly related to Shengchang,Zhili,Zunshi,Zhiyuan and so on.This period is the forming stage.Marked by the rise of the West Lake Lotus Society,the northern Song Dynasty Sukhavati Literature gradually formed its own style.But monks still dominated this stage,literati were still in a dependent position,and monks’ creation occupy an absolute advantage in the number and quality.At the later stage,the situation reversed,literati had become the main force of the Northern Song Dynasty literary creation in the Sukhavati.Whether in the interpretation of theory,or in the expression of faith feelings,literati were no inferior to monks,and exceed in the number of creators and works.Third,to explain the main idea of the Northern Song Dynasty Sukhavati Literature.For people,the fundamental purpose of Sukhavati Law is to save the sentient beings.For some Buddhist believers,practicing the pure land method is to reborn in the Sukhavati.The feeling of hating and yearning is the premise of reborning in the Sukhavati.For people who don’t aim to reborn,who also have the feeling of hating and yearning.They hate the world and pursue a beautiful and pure state.They don’t want to reborn,who treat it as a convenient way,or praise the Pure Land of Amitabh with longing.Such thoughts are reflected in literary creation and form the theme of criticizing and yearning.Around this theme,relevant poetry and prose creation has emerged.It includes criticizing the world,praising the West Sukhavati,praising Buddhas and Bodhisattvas(mainly Amitabha Buddha and Guanyin Bodhisattva),rejoicing in bliss,and vowing to reborn,yearning for the pureness of the Sukhavati.Fourth,to expound the ideological content of the Northern Song Dynasty Sukhavati Literary creation.Taking the Sukhavati practice and the Sukhavati feelings as the core,it constitutes a complete system of literary creation.Poetry creation related to Sukhavati practice mainly contains chanting the name of Amitabha,visualizing him praying to reborn and so on.Poetry creation related to Sukhavati feelings mainly contains singing the pure image,recalling the sages of Sukhavati,etc.Fifth,to discuss the artistic style of Sukhavati Literature in Northern Song Dynasty and to analyse of the main reasons for its prosperity.Belief,pract-ice and emancipation mode of Sukhavati Law are the fundamental reason for the formation of the Northern Song Dynasty Sukhavati literary creation system.Artistic style has three main characteristics,that is,the application of multiple expressive techniques,the rich forms of all genres and the variety of language style.Sukhavati Literature could flourish in the Northern Song Dynasty,there are four factors main,name-ly the literary charm of Three Classics of Sukhavati.Its method provides theoretical support,monks realize self-refinement,literati practice Sukhavati feelings.Sukhavati Literature is an organic part of the Song Literature.To conduct a systematic and indepth study of it,which is a necessary way to understand the culture of Song Dynasty in an allround way and also an important reference for correctly understanding and evaluating the civilization of Northern Song Dynasty.Therefore it will be a very meaningful job to further expanding and deepening the study of Northern Song Sukhavati Literature.