"Chang'an Eight Waters" Historical Geographical Research

Water is the source of life and the basis for the survival and development of human society.Water is one of the indispensable and important factors for the rise and development of a city,and is the root of the vicissitude of a city.The study of the history of a city,the change of its water system and the evolution of its water environment is the focus of historical geographers.As zhou kuiyi,a water historian,said,"in a sense,Chinese history is a history of water conservancy.In the historical period,the aquatic environment of xi 'an presented a beautiful and harmonious state of "eight waters around chang 'an",which promoted the prosperity of the han,sui and tang dynasties and influenced the history of the later millennium.This paper starts with the development and changes of "chang'an eight waters",and makes a systematic,long-term and thematic study on "chang 'an eight waters"by exploring the aquatic environment,water conservancy system,human-land relationship and urban changes formed by it.This paper is divided into three parts.The first part is the introduction;The second part is the main part,including chapters 1 to 5;The third part is the conclusion and thinking.The introduction.This paper mainly discusses the reason and significance of the topic selection.The related concepts are explained.The academic history related to this research is reviewed and reviewed.The research ideas and methods are briefly introduced.The first chapter,the "eight waters of chang 'an" and early civilization in the pre-qin period.This paper discusses the natural geographical environment of guanzhong and the natural hydrology of "chang 'an eight waters".This paper discusses the development and change of "chang 'an eight waters" from its origin,name and water system.The historical period was mainly affected by geology,climate,human activities and other factors.The other seven waters in the "eight waters of chang 'an",which originally flowed to the wei river,met and changed.This paper discusses the origin of Chinese civilization in the light of "eight rivers of chang'an".It is believed that the intersection of today's baqiao,lantian and lintong counties is the core area for the formation of the Chinese nationality,and the area with a radius of 50 kilometers where the ba river,ced river and wei river meet is the location of the source of the Chinese nationality,and the bahe river in the eastern suburbs of xi 'an is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nationality.Through the discussion of fengshui,haoshui and its relationship with fenghao erjing,it is concluded that the favorable water conservancy environment promoted the early capital city to rise here.Ers made in FengGao,control both land and water traffic arteries,and using "changan eight water" in the flood water,water is being,Hao,Jue water,such as the provision of water,and the excavation of artificial canal system is being water and spirit bogs,make countries are surrounded by water,forming a natural barrier,guard the city safety and ensure the underground water;The existence of a large number of ponds in fenghaoerjing is a strong proof of its good aquatic environment.The state of qin used the whole nation's efforts to divert the jing river to the east to dig zheng guo canal,which effectively promoted the development of irrigation and water conservancy in guanzhong."guanzhong is a fertile land,and in a peaceful year,the state of qin is rich and powerful,and its vassal states are joined together",which laid a strong foundation for the great unification of the qin dynasty.Chapter two,from the weishui.river to "eight water six channels." By discussing the capital of qin from xianyang to weishui,it is believed that this is the result of comprehensive consideration of the natural geographical environment and surrounding water environment of guanzhong.From xianyang to weishui river in qin dynasty,the water conservancy and its springs in the north and south of weishui river were effectively utilized,which ensured the water use and the construction of excellent ecological environment in the capital.Around the "eight rivers of chang'an",the western han dynasty built six canals,including the channel,the six auxiliary channels,the white channel,the lingcui channel,the chengguo channel and the fan-huiqu canal,forming the water network structure of "eight rivers and six channels".The capital of the qin and han dynasties lies at the center of this irrigation network and large water network.Capital changan "changan eight water" Jue of water and water into the city,kunming and digging pool for storage,urban water is solved perfectly.The construction of good aquatic environment of "eight rivers and six canals" has also become a model for future generations to aspire to and rebuild the capital or regime in chang 'an.Chapter three:the construction of "eight rivers in chang 'an" and "eight rivers and nine canals" in sui and tang dynasties.During the wei,jin and northern dynasties,chang'an lost its position as the political center of the country.Such as led WeiShui thin grain transportation,JingShui slash Zheng Bai canal,lead to distinguish the water of fuping weir,into the canal,lead the water boiled Jue river nan shan cao canal,etc.During this period,"changan eight water" the nutrient-laden,computed.in,Jue river sanshui mainly in the role,the reason is that the water stability,convenient for drainage.In the sui and tang dynasties,the rulers attached great importance to the construction of water conservancy.Chang 'an,the capital city,enjoyed a good aquatic environment and achieved unprecedented prosperity.In particular,the construction of "eight rivers and nine canals" water conservancy system and water environment promoted the good interaction between "eight rivers" and urban development,met the water conservancy needs of the development of the capital,and laid a solid foundation for the prosperity and development of the sui and tang dynasties.The fourth chapter,song,yuan,Ming and qing dynasties "chang 'an eight water"changes and canal system.According to the historical data,it is concluded that during the song and yuan dynasties,the changes of wei river,jing river,ced river and ba river in the"eight rivers of chang'an" were mainly concentrated in the lower reaches,and the waterlogging water in the west and the gan river in the north were poured into wei river.During this period,ced water was introduced into the city to restore some sections of the abandoned longshou canal at the end of the tang dynasty to supply water to the city.In song and yuan dynasties,the irrigation canal system of jingshui irrigation was constructed by repairing the sanbai canal,fengli canal and wangyushi canal which diverted jing water.In the Ming dynasty,through the action of "changan" eight water water,soap water(Jue river downstream),construction of urban water resources,wide lead JingShui channel,tongji ditch,constitute the city suburb irrigation and water conservancy system.The rapid development of well irrigation in the qing dynasty was related to the underground water source provided by "chang 'an eight rivers" and the water environment constructed.Chapter five,the republic of China "chang 'an eight water" and after the founding of the city water control.Ruler of the republic of China through the "eight water"changan Jue river west dragon canal water,and dried shrimp meat well,led is being built waterworks,such as water for urban water conservancy new exploration,but due to internal and external causes,such as fund,the war is largely ended in failure.However,such exploration has accumulated valuable experience for the later development and utilization of urban water conservancy in xi 'an.In this period,the"eight rivers of changan" or its tributaries were extracted to form the "eight rivers of guanzhong",which represented the highest achievement of water conservancy construction in guanzhong during the republic of China and greatly promoted the development of irrigation and water conservancy in guanzhong.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the "eight waters of chang 'an" were treated and utilized in parallel,and new ways of urban water control in xi 'an were explored.Wei,ced,ba,feng,soap and other solutions to the tap water problem;"Guiding the han dynasty to aid the wei river" to alleviate the water shortage in cities and industries along the weihe river;In particular,the proposal and implementation of the plan of "eight rivers moisten xi 'an"is of great practical significance for the restoration and restoration of the former flourishing scene of "eight rivers around chang 'an"the opening of a new chapter of urban water control,the construction of excellent aquatic environment in xi 'an and guanzhong,and the promotion of the construction of xi 'an international metropolis and guanzhong plain city group.Conclusion and thinking.Based on the thematic discussion of "eight waters in Chang'an",it is considered that the large river basin civilization constructed by "eight waters in Chang'an" is one of the sources of China;the natural geographical factors,including climate,hydrology,biology,topography and geology,are the main factors affecting the development and change of "eight waters in Chang'an",which is especially obvious in the geological period and early history.Human behavior and influence play a certain role in promoting and dominating,especially the rulers and decision-makers;only when the "eight waters" and the canal system interact harmoniously can a good urban aquatic environment be constructed.In the historical period,the utilization of"eight rivers and six channels" in Qin and Han Dynasties,"eight rivers and nine channels" in Sui and Tang Dynasties,"eight rivers and four channels" in Yuan and Ming Dynasties,"eight rivers and two channels" in Qing Dynasty,"eight rivers and two channels" in the Republic of China ",the exploration of" eight benefits in Guanzhong"in the Republic of China,the construction of Xilong channel and Fengshui waterworks,etc.in the historical period,the biggest change of" eight rivers in Chang'an "was the use of the most water,followed by Wei River Water,fengshui,Chanshui,Jingshui and bashui;in a long period of time,the main way of using water for the urban residents of Chang'an(Xi'an)in the historical period is to dig wells and draw water;the regional scope of "Chang'an eight waters" is the political center of Zhou,Qin,Han,Sui and Tang Dynasties.The development process of more than three thousand years is a process of selection,transcendence and optimization,which is always related to the aquatic environment constructed by the "eight waters in Chang'an" in order to achieve the best fit between the two.