Research The Changes Of Contemporary Rural Collective Economy In Pearl River Delta Region

The contemporary Rural Collective Economy is an important part of the socialist public ownership economy in China.In practice,the basic contradiction between collective interest and individual interest impels the Rural Collective Economy to undertake self-adjusting ceaselessly.Taking Longrui village of Zhongshan city as an example,this paper attempts to discuss the role and function of the Rural Collective Economy in the process of China’s rural modernization by investigating the changes and adaptation of rural collective economy under different market environments,so as to understand the realistic connotation and debugging logic of "Peasant-Collective" in different periods.First of all,the clan economy and peasant family plan of Xijiao township were analyzed in the first half of the 20 th century.Through Liu’s family tree and local Chronicles,we can understand the origin of Liu’s Clan in Xijiao and the administrative evolution of Xijiao township.In addition,the class composition registration form was used to analyze the family status of Xijiao’s villagers in the first half of the 20 th century.Under the world market system dominated by western capitalism at modern times,as well as Xijiao township is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao and close to the urban area,the transfer of labor force to industry and commerce has become a common phenomenon,so the Farmers’ livelihoods arrangement in Xijiao township is in a state of "half agriculture and half commerce" or "half farming and half working".Secondly,this chapter attempts to draw literary sketch about the generation,adjustment and development of the traditional Rural Collective Economy in collectivization period.In a relatively closed environment where the state controls the market of key elements,it focus on the rural collective economy shaped by forcible institution-change how to manage and distribute to achieve the balance between the Industrial accumulation and farmers survival.The traditional Rural Collective Organization rely on top-down institutional legitimacy and political authority to have the absolute overall planning ability of rural land resources,labor force and agricultural products.On this basis,it has realized the compulsory exchange of agricultural surplus and industrial products between Farmers and the state.Individual farmers are highly embedded in the national development goals.The state constructs the state-led State agent farmer collective through the highly organized production factor system.Although farmers who highly dependent on the traditional collective economy have some dissatisfaction and even a variety of individual or small-scale resistance,the traditional collective economy has constructed a production relation of "the most common and relaxed distribution" within the village community to Ease the tension between the state and the peasants.Furthermore,a comprehensive study of the development path,strategy and dilemma of the New Rural Collective Economy since the reform and opening up,and it mainly includes two aspects: first,the development of modern agriculture under collective overall arrangement;second,the development of collectively owned property under collective operation.In the Pearl River Delta Region as a series of "special zone policies" were implemented,the three principal factors of production for local industrialization including land factor,labor factor and capital factor are fully liberalized.The traditional Rural Collective Economy has realized the transformation through the repeated game and interaction with different market subjects.Thus it is transformed into a new type of the Rural Collective Economy which contains Agricultural Rural Collective Economy with farmland management as the core and Non-agricultural Rural Collective Economy with industrial and commercial property management as the core.In the transformation process of rural collective economy,local farmers directly participate in the industrial and commercial labor market to achieve non-agricultural employment,The Rural Collective Economy Organization participates in the land market and the industrial and commercial capital market by virtue of the collective land ownership to seek collective interests,thus forming the developing Peasant-Collective under the collective leadership.The relationship between the state and farmers change to "benefits the people".Finally,the distribution order of the New Rural Collective Economy since the reform and opening up.The two economic crises in 1998 and 2008 forced the industrial capital factor markets to be de-bubbled and stabilized.Under the great tension of national food security and local urbanization expansion,the state began to take measures to strongly intervene in the land factor markets.Under such situation,the Share cooperated System reform of New Rural Collective Economic aiming at the canonicalization and institutionalization of collective management and collective redistribution is gradually put on the agenda.On the one hand this reform strengthens the conservatism of non-agricultural collective economy,and on the other hand it strengthens the dependence of collective members on land rent.In a word,the New Rural Collective Economy has built a a community of rentiers with "high welfare,high dividend and low accumulation" relying on the earnings from property management and the value-added profit of land.Through the investigation of the historical changes of collective economy in Longrui village,this paper finds there are two pairs of relations which including the relation of unified management and decentralized management and the public and private relation at the level of Collective distribution jointly shape two types of Peasant-Collective Reproduction,that namely developmental collective reproduction and dissipative collective reproduction.Whether the Clan Economy during the period of the Republic of China or the Rural Collective Economy since the establishment of People’s Republic of China,they are the essential economic basis for the continuation of the village community in the Pearl River Delta Region.However,there are huge differences in the state-peasant relationship contained in village communities in different periods.