The Cognition Of Modern Chinese To Japan (1871-1915)

The cognition of modern Chinese to Japan used to be classified the frame of the political history, which mostly reviews Chinese cognition to Japanese invade continuously and emphasizes the process and result of the cognition. As for the reason that affects the cognition of modern Chinese to Japan usually was neglected more or less. In fact, if there aren’t these factors, the cognition of modern Chinese to Japan can’t progress. Therefore, the text tries to discuss the transformation and the factors affecting Chinese people of the cognition from politics, medium and demos, and explores the characteristics of cognition between 1871, and 1915.This text is divided into four chapters, except the introduction which reviews the related research results to inspire the motive of studying. Chapter one mainly explains the macroscopic background, so as to prepare for the next chapters. Chapter two, three and four are special study from politics, medium and demos, so as to explore the influence on the cognition of modern Chinese to Japan. The last one is conclusion, which concludes the affecting factors and the characteristics of the cognition.Chapter one is the existence of Japan in China. This chapter mainly explains two problems. On the one hand, with the development of the shipping, railroad and telecommunication, Chinese and Japan has been a part of the transportation information network of world. Though the ’space’ distance between two countries inclines to shorten in the modern time, the cultural connection is more far than ever because Japan deviated Asia into Europe. On the other hand, the chapter summarizes various performances on the existence of Japan in China, such as politics, economy and culture, which forms a network system of modern Japan in China, after. The diplomatic relation formally founded between China and Japan. The background of the cognition of modern Chinese to Japan provides a cushion for the latter research.Chapter two is about Japan under the politics leading. The attitude of Chinese government to Japan includes uniting and defending policy between 1871 and 1915. After the post-war of Jiawu, Chinese government established to study the tendency of Japan gradually. Not only is the attitude the result that Chinese government made different judgment according to national interest, but also is Japanese government influencing continuously. During the course of decision-making, there are both competition between China and Japan, and mixes the influence of Russia and other countries. Chinese government adopts the strategy of study Japan, which is the result of understanding Japanese Mingzhi reform continuously and deeply. Certainly, this process that includes Japan active ’caterring’, reformers’ aggressive push, just as the participating of these factions, which urges to study Japan to become an important decision in the latter Qing Dynasty. The cognition of modern Chinese to Japan is different because of the three policies, including league, hostility and studying.Chapter three is about Japan within a medium angle of view. This chapter mainly analyzes two individual cases to discuss which factors affected the report about Japan. The former case reviews the reportorial difference between Shenbao and Dianshizhai pictorial.Though the two kinds of newspapers belong to the same newspaper office and are provided with the similar news source, the report way of Shenbao is more true than Dianshizhai pictorial because of the dissimilarity of readers. The latter case is about the different report of "Erchenwan incident" between Shenbao and Shengjingshibao.The dissimilar background of the two kinds of newspaper makes the former stand the position in China to explain the incident and the latter become the representative of the Japanese benefits. On the base of analysis of two individual cases, the chapter tries to explain which factors influence the report content about Japan. In fact, the readers choose a piece of newspaper and also accept the medium’s viewpoint about Japan.Chapter four is about folk "Japan". The chapter mainly analyzes the cognition of Chinese people to Japan from three aspects. First is the personal experience of the students studying in Japan. On one hand, they come in sight of the civilization progress of Japan and ask to learn from Japan. On the other hand, they suffer various incitements in Japan and defend against the aggression of Japan to China. In a word, the attitude of studying and opposing Japan both exist. Second is the Japanese knowledge that is introduced at the classroom with the Chinese textbook development. When these Chinese textbooks record the historical fact that Japan invaded China and carry through the patriotism education, Japan is not only inurbane interference, but also hostile to Japan. Thus caused the conflict because of textbooks in the early years of Minguo between China and Japan. That is to say, the conflict affects the bilateral relation transformation. Lastly, the performance of people is different in the conflict between China and Japan. The aspect is restricting to the concept. With the national view building up, people involved in the negotiation increasingly enlarged. On the other hand, some affairs have something to do with themselves, which related with their benefits and stirred up them to participate. As a whole, the cognition of Chinese people to Japan gets improved in these conflicts between China and Japan.Conclusion. There are three aspects which influence the cognition of Chinese people to Japan through analyzing the former chapters. One is the policy of Chinese government to Japan. This established the keynote of the cognition of Chinese people to Japan to some degree in different times. Japanese government established the basic national policies of invading China, which makes Chinese people hostile to Japan inevitably. The second is the direction of the medium. Because modern Chinese people know Japan mainly through the medium. As a result, the medium spreading the Japanese information and providing the common reading experience that mostly influences the cognition of Chinese people to Japan. The third is individual experience in Japan. Though the experience is scrap and superficial, it is intuitionist and sensitive, these influence different individual’s choice toward Japanese attitude. As a result, the cognition of Chinese people to Japan is a result of common influence among the government, medium and individuals. The characteristics of the cognition of Chinese people to Japan: one aspect is fluctuant. Because the relation between China and Japan is always changing immediately. Another is multiple. Because the difference of the community, region and the complexity of Japanese faces, this makes the cognition various. In addition, the Japanese understanding to China excelled Chinese cognition to Japan, such as depth, width. Thus is the dissymmetry on cognition between China and Japan.