A Comparative Analysis Of The Clinical Practices Of Physicians From Xinan And Other Key Medicine Genres Based On Literature Review

ObjectiveThe study of the academic contribution of Xin An medicine and the comparative analysis of clinical cases of Xin An and other leading medical schools aim to compare the relationship between the clinical practices of different genres of Chinese medicine as measured against the characteristics(academic contributions of Xin An medicine.The construct of Xin An medicine characteristics is derived from the achievements and influences of key medical practitioners of Xin An medicine.The similarities and differences derived from the comparative study demonstrates the value and relevance of the study of Chinese medicine genres.MethodThe research is conducted on the basis of qualitative meta-analysis through literature review,coupled with statistical analysis.1.Selection of leading medical schools to be included in the study-the number of royal court doctors of all genres and the number of key medical doctors in internal medicine is employed as a statistical measurement of the influence of different medical schools.2.Selection of clinical cases: to be based on the medical specialties Xin An Medicine(gynaecology,paediatrics and internal medicine),with two illness selected for each discipline.3.Selection of representative medical practitioner of a genre and their medical cases: choose relevant practitioner from the list of the first Masters of National Medicine(depending on the medical schools selected).The Master of Chinese Medicine represents the highest level of achievement of a TCM practitioner.To be able to avail one Xin An practitioner for each type of clinical case,it is necessary to select two more representative practitioners from Xin An based on the following criteria: availability of relevant clinical case,as well as of a high professional standing.4.Literature research: Collect relevant theorists or opinions on the characteristics of the pathogen,diagnosis and prescription from Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasty to present as background material for the analysis of the 23 medical cases of the 11 doctors selected.Collection of literature is achieved from two sources: CNKI network to download the relevant literature and purchase of paper editions of classic literature.5.The data of the 23 medical cases were classified and then compared.6.Coding,cross and longitudinal comparison: data of the medical cases were tabulated,and cross comparison made between cases of the same illness,as well as medical discourse and practices of Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasty.7.Summarize all the findings and draw conclusion(s)on the academic characteristics and clinical values of Xin An Medicine,as different from other genres.Results1.Research on the academic contribution of XinAn MedicineThe main contributions of Xin An medicine are: i)Academically,Xin An's key theories such as Qi and Fluid in one theory,Protector Qi and Fluid blood diagnosis theory,stomach and spleen yin theory still has their clinical relevance even today.Three Xin An medical classics are listed as the top ten medical books.From Ming,Qing dynasty to modern times,Xin An doctors have outstanding academic and clinical achievements.ii).Clinically,there is a wealth of medical discourse on the four consultations technique of Chinese medicine,especially pulse diagnosis;Xin An doctors are known for their prescription efficacy as being balanced,light,steady and resolute.iii)The first medical association run by civilian to promote medical progress among peers “one-in-one House Ren medical association" was established by Xin An Xu Chunfu.All these achievements demonstrated the continuing,comprehensive and significant contribution of Xin An medicine.2.Research on other key genresOther key genres: Zhejiang school including Zhu Danxi,Zhang JIngyue,Qiantang School;Jiangsu school including Wu School,Menghe School,Hebei including Liu,Zhang and LI of the JIn Yuan dynasty,Yanjing School including Royal Court medicine;Xu Jiang School;Qilu;Lingnan School;Sichuan School;Shanghai School.Similarities and differences between Xin An medicine and other key genres: i)Academic-wise,such as in the field of basic Chinese medicine theory,causes and pathology,diagnosis and treatment,Xin An's theories were developed from those of other genres,and vice versa.ii)Xin An doctor's Realigning theory caused unpresented academic controversy.iii).clinically,Xin An's use of fuzi and dried ginger has a wider range of applications.iv)popularization and enlightenment in medical studies in Xin An medicine was more significant than Wumen and Qiantang: two Xin An royal court doctors,Xu Chunfu and Wu Qian of Ming and Qing dynasty respectively completed two of the top ten medical books and achieve the purpose of "righting chinese medicine through updating medical publications".v).publication content focus: Xin An books on Inner Medicine is of higher quality than Wu Zhong and Qian Tang;Wu Zhong and Xin An's range are complete,while Qiantang's focus mainly on clinical theory,with surgical and acupuncture publications missing.3.Comparative analysis of medical practices of Xin An and other genresDoctor Wang advocated the four characteristics of XinAn doctors,"truth-seeking","learning","exploring" and "simplicity".Another Xin An doctor,Master Li's medication is few,but the efficacy is remarkable,reflecting the precision of Xin An medicine,use less and impact substantial.Menghe Master Qiu insisted that if "learning is not refined","learning not broad enough" and "learning not fully digested",it will be difficult to make an all-round prescription.Yanjing Master Lu's characteristic in his medical prescription should be embracing rather than biased.Qilu's Master Zhang's medical cases reflects the importance he attaches to the Xin An classic,"The Golden Rule Book of Medicine”,and hence the impact the book delivers.Lingnan Master Deng's cases demonstrated his often use of huangqi,as well his respect for Hebei Jinyuan doctor Li and Wang.Bagui Master Ban Zhejiang Master He were gynaecologists.Master Ben's approach in treating of gynaecological illness is " Curing Qi must not do without taking care of liquids and vice versa ",while Master He pays attention to menstrual cycle,and endorsed the principles set out by Fu Qinzhu of the Qing dynasty.Conclusions1.Xin An Medicine develops new medical theories either through embracing the essence of Chinese medicine promoted by other genres or through own creation,amassing the wealth of medical discourse and classics,is indeed the "richest genre" in Chinese medicine.2.Although the inheritance of Xin An doctors and other schools is different,and academic and clinical difference between different genres is diminishing through continuous mutual learning and adaptation,however,subtle differences and similarities between the key Chinese medicine genres are still identifiable from the limited scope of this study: First,the prescription methodology of Lingnan doctor Deng's and Xin An doctor Wang is different in that although they both attach great importance to the spleen,Lingnan doctor Deng relies heavily on huangqi,Xin An doctor Wang insisted that one should not abide by the rule alone,reflecting the dexterity of Xin An medicine.Second,the principle in gynaecological treatment adopted by Bagui doctor Ban," Curing Qi must not do without taking care of liquids and vice versa" is a reflection of the philosophy of Xin An Master Wangji,“Qi and fluid in one” as well as Wu Chu's theory in treating blood illness.Third,Menghe doctor Zhu's treatment style,focus and precision,with dedicated Chinese medicine,is in stark contrast to that of Yanjing doctor Lu who stressed on the need to avoid extreme approach in prescription,echoing one of the beliefs of Xin An doctors,” balance”(Note: the belief for balanced and light medication is reflected in Xin An doctor Li's infertility and children's lesion).