The Effect Of Phonological Processing In The Sentence Reading Of Children With Hearing Impairment After Cochlear Implantation

At present,after cochlear implantation(CI),the effective children's hearing language is recovered,and the number of children with hearing impairment is increasing year by year.However,artificial hearing limited to the level of cochlear implant technology cannot be equal to real hearing after all,and the children with hearing impairment after CI have the particularity of speech and hearing processing.Of CI in our country and the postoperative hearing impaired children speech perception,speech production research,development of the Chinese reading and reading there is few research achievements of cognitive characteristics,especially the lack of empirical research.Sentence processing is a process that begins with the segmentation of visual information-input and the decoding of words,then it performs syntactic analysis and semantic analysis on the sentence information,thereby constructing its meaning.Phonological processing can be active in reading,and it is inevitable process in reading,which can facilitate the cognitive process.At present,the results of sentence research mainly focus on the level of words,but it has few connections with sentences.And Chinese rhythm is playing a very important role in the use of language.But it has small number of research in the Chinese sentences for reading.For the reason of characteristic of hearing-impaired children after the CI operation,it is very realistic and significant to carry out the research on role of phonological processing for CI children in reading.And for the special points of Chinese language structures,orthography and grammar,the out-come of research of spelling language like English cannot be applied directly in the learning-practice of CI children.Based on the results of predecessors' related studies,combined with the characteristics of speech and hearing processing in hearing impaired children after CI,this paper examines the characteristics of speech processing in the sentence reading of hearing impaired children after CI in order to evaluate the effect of hearing impairment in children with CI.The interventions and predictions of reading ability enhancement provide scientific evidence and provide new knowledge for us to further understand the role of speech processing in Chinese reading comprehension.The experimental study of this dissertation consists of three parts:Study 1 first studied the 135 children in the Cochlear Implantation(CI)group,Typical development children(TD)group and Deaf children(DS)group using the adapted Sentence Comprehension Subtest(Experiment 1).The results showed that children in the CI group had lower reading comprehension skills than those in the TD group.The normal development children are higher than those of the DS group's dropout children;and there are differences in grades,which are specific to the TD group and the DS group in terms of word understanding,syntactic processing,and syntactic integration.Afterwards,classical research tasks were used to study the characteristics of children's speech processing ability in the CI group and the control group(Experiment 2).The results showed that children in the CI group had phonological awareness(PA),phonological working memory(PWM)and the phonological naming speed(PNS)was lower than that of the TD group,and the difference was worthy of attention.From the performance of perspective of phonological consciousness,children in the CI group were significantly better than the DS group,indicating that the speech processing level of the CI children was significantly higher than that of the same age.Deaf children;CI children showed grade differences in PA,PWM,and PNS,and also in the four PA dimensions of initials,finals,tones,and phonemes.In addition,number sequence reciting,digits reversed,and sentence endings were also concerned.Each PWM dimension has a differential performance that is specific to normal development of children.Then the relationship between CI children's sentence reading comprehension and speech processing ability was studied(Experiment 3).The results showed that CI children's sentence reading comprehension performance and phonological awareness(PA),phonetic working memory(PWM)and pronunciation named speed(PNS)The correlation was extremely significant,and the PA,PWM,and PNS were significantly related to each other.In contrast,the performance of sentence reading comprehension in the TD group was also significantly related to PA,PWM,and PNS,but the correlation was low.Using regression analysis,we further found that PA,PWM,and PNS all have unique predictive effects on CI children's sentence reading comprehension.They can explain the latter's variation of 25.6%,17.8%,and 3.8%,respectively.The interpretation of reading comprehension is much lower than this,with 6% and 3.1%,respectively.PNS has better explanatory power,reaching 8.2%.Study 2 is the characteristic study of the mechanism of phonological modulation in the sentence reading of hearing-impaired children after CI,including 3 experiments.Experiment 4 was applied for 26 children with hearing-impaired CI as the research object,and discussed CI children's sentence reading in combination with the soundinhibition effect paradigm.The characteristics of the mechanism of middle tone rhyme.The results showed that the different phonetic components(initial,vowel,tonal)alternative words had different effects on the correctness and response of CI children's sentence after reading;CI children had the effect of pronunciation suppression in reading.The pronunciation retelling device was Voice processing which plays a role in reading.Experiment 5 continued to use the above-mentioned research object,combined with the paradigm of non-verbal effects,to explore the characteristics of the mechanism of the phonological and modulating actions in CI children's sentence reading.The results showed that the different phonetic components(initial,vowel,and tone)alternative words had different effects on the correctness and response time of the CI children's sentence after reading;there were irrelevant speech effects in CI children's reading,and the speech storage device in which Voice processing plays a role in reading.In experiment 6,21 CI children with good work-memory were selected as research object.The McGurk effect paradigm was used to explore the characteristics of the mechanism of phonological and modulating effects in CI children's sentence reading.The results showed that different phonetic components(initial,vowel and tone)alternative words have different effects on the accuracy of audiovisual integration response in CI children's sentence reading;there were McGurk-liked effects in CI children's sentence reading.Study 3 is the characteristic study with EEG of prosodic mechanism in sentence reading of hearing-impaired children after CI.Experiment 7 Continued to use the above-mentioned 21 research objects,using ERP technology,combined with rhythmic limit effect paradigm to explore the rhythm of CI children's sentence reading Structural features of the mechanism of performance.As a result,there is a rhythm-restrictive effect in CI children's sentence reading;and the prosodic phrase level and the prosodic phrase-level rhythm restriction have different effects on CI children's sentence reading,which is different from the research conclusions for normal individuals.The innovation and significance of this study are:(1)This is the first time to discuss the reading comprehension level of such special children in China and the characteristics of phonological processing in sentence reading,which is beneficial to the prediction and intervention of the reading ability of CI children in the future.The topic is closely related to the particularity of such children,and the results are of great practical significance.(2)In the research,organic integration of paradigms of phonological processing in sentence lies in processing and reading,and absorption of ideas and knowledge of rhythmic syntax,is one of the few studies to explore the role of phonological processing in reading from the perspective of sentences.(3)In the research,a new model of research is introduced with operative variants accordingly,to improve the research methods.It also enriches the research methods,because it has used the ERP in the research of rhythm for children in reading.(4)To absorb the viewpoints and results of rhythm and syntactic theory,explore the reading comprehension interpretation model that incorporates the role of speech,and propose a new viewpoint to explain sentence reading processing,which has great theoretical significance.