| Through the study of the literatures written by Qing dynasty TCM physician Tang Rong Chuan, which include Xue Zheng Lun, Zhong Xi Hui Tong Yi Jing Jing Yi, Shang Ilan Lun Qian Zhu Bu Zheng, Jin Kuai Yao Lue Qian Zhu Bu Zheng, Ben Cao Wen Da, Yi Xue Jian Neng, Li Zheng San Zi Jue, Liu Jing Fang Zheng Zhong Xi Tong Jie, etc., this thesis focuses on three main areas of importance, which are his biography, his academic thoughts and his clinical characteristics. This thesis researches Tang Rong Chuan's academic and clinical achievements to benefit future applications of research and clinical practice.I. From the stand point of his biography, this thesis focuses on the birth and death date, historical background, academic background and introducing his literatures.1. Tang Rong Chuan lived in a time when Western and Eastern culture and science clashed. As an intellect of the time, he absorbed the Western medical studies and strived to combine this knowledge with his TCM academic thoughts.2. Through research of his background, I concluded that he was born in the year 1851 and died in the year of 1897.3. The foundation of Tang Rong Chuan's academics thought can be traced to Nei Jing, literatures from Zhang Zhong Jing and other physicians. His achievements were achieved though his studies of these TCM classics.4. Tang Rong Chuan had written many literatures during his lifetime, which included Xue Zheng Lun, Zhong Xi Hui Tong Yi Jing Jing Yi, Shang Han Lun Qian Zhu Bu Zheng, Jin Kuai Yao Lue Qian Zhu Bu Zheng, Ben Cao Wen Da, Yi Xue Jian Neng, Li Zheng San Zi Jue, Liu Jing Fang Zheng Zhong Xi Tong Jie, etc. Among these literatures Xue Zheng Lun and Ben Cao Wen Da contain the most clinical value, and therefore their publications have reached a larger audience. Yi Yi Tong Shuo. Zhong Xi Hui Tong Yi Jing Jing Yi, Shang Han Lun Qian Zhu Bu Zheng, Jin Kuai Yao Lue Qian Zhu Bu Zheng contain many of his academics thoughts and therefore have also received differing degrees of recognition.?Regarding the research on his basic academic thoughts, this thesis focuses on his basic academic theories based on Yi and TCM theories.1. Whenever Tang Rong Chuan mentions TCM. he always refers to the theories of Yi. He believes that all worldly objects and manifestations can be explained through the theories of Yi, therefore TCM theories and even Western studies can be traced back to the theories of Yi. Tang Rong Chuan believes that the formation of nature and humans can be explained though the theories regarding Taiji and yin yang transformation.2. Based on the theories of Yi, Tang Rong Chuan expanded on the theories of TCM, especially the Six Qi Transformation theories and the Theory of Yin Yang Water Fire Qi Blood.(1) Regarding the studies on Six Qi Transformation theories, Tang Rong Chuan follows Chen Xiu Yuan's theories, which emphasizes that the three yin and three yang cause illness due to the imbalance of yin and yang. Through the theories of opening, closing, and pivoting, Tang Rong Chuan explains the consistent patterns between Qi transformation and the Six channels and Six Qi. He also believes yin yang transformation refers to the Six channels and Six Qi, while explaining Zangfu, form, and adhering Qi, which physicians before him did not comprehend.(2) Regarding the Theory of Yin Yang Water Fire Qi Blood Theory, health is directly related to the normal circulation of Qi and blood, while a disruption of this circulation is the cause of illness. Qi and blood affect each other and are intertwined. According to these theories Tang Rong Chuan brings a unique perspective to his academic theories. He explains the transforming relationship of Qi is blood and blood is Qi, and that they form pairs. Qi causes illness in blood, while blood also causes illness in Qi. Adhering to this theory Tang Rong Chuan established a new system that explains the physiology, pathology and treatment of blood diseases.(3) Regarding herbal characteristic differentia, Tang Rong Chuan bases his theories on how Qi transformation effects herbal remedy, herbal yin and yang differentia, ascend and descend characteristics, etc. ?. Regarding treatment, this thesis mainly focuses on the treatment of hemorrhagic diseases and miscellaneous diseases.1. Based on the method of Qi movement of ascending and descending, Tang Rong Chuan categorizes hemorrhage diseases into "Hemorrhagic diseases effecting upper body", "Hemorrhagic diseases effecting lower body", "Hemorrhagic diseases leaking outwards" and "Hemorrhagic diseases causing blood stasis". He invented the concept of the four methods of treating hemorrhaging:"Stopping Bleeding", "Dispersion of Blood stasis", "Calming Blood" and "Inducing Resuscitation", which reflects the different steps of the treatment of hemorrhagic diseases. Tang Rong Chuan placed great emphasis on the syndrome differentiation of the zangfu. In the 'Theory of Zangfu pathology" he discussed the physiology and pathology of each zangfu, and pointed out that one must understand this to be able to treat diseases. On the foundation of prior physicians he improved on the theories of Spleen Yin, Lung Yang and Sanjiao. Among the zangfu he emphasizes the importance of the spleen, stomach, lung, and liver in the treatment of hemorrhagic diseases. He also discusses other diseases that may occur during hemorrhagic diseases, which include tuberculosis, coughing, fever, sweating, etc. His theories, established the academic value regarding the transformation between Qi, blood, water, fire, yin and yang. Regarding treatment it is obvious that he emphasizes the importance of Qi.2. Regarding treatment of miscellaneous diseases, this thesis discusses phlegm-rheum, dysentery, abscess and pus. The characteristics for the treatment of phlegm-rheum include harmonizing Qi movement, smoothing San Jiao, and curing hemorrhagic diseases through the treatment of phlegm. The characteristics of treating dysentery include understanding dysentery through the liver and lung and focusing on spleen yin during recovery. Abscess and pus is mainly related to static blood, therefore treatment involves regulating Qi, treating Qi allows the blood to move smoothly which in turn prevents the formation of pus.In conclusion, I believe Tang Rong Chuan's main medical theories and clinical characteristics can be caterogized into four areas. First, the theories of Zhouyi were the source of innovation for Tang Rong Chuan. Second, TCM Qi transformation theory is the core of Tang Rong Chuan's medical theories. Third, he advanced and developed the systematic understanding of the theory and treatment of hemorrhagic diseases. Fourth, he developed clinical usage of Qi transformation regarding herbal doctrine. Systematic in depth research of Tang Rong Chuan's academic thoughts, allows the discovery of his theoretical breakthroughs and clinic experience. This research not only is important for the inheritance of basic theory of TCM and clinical practice, but also for the development and discovery of TCM theories and clinical applications. More importantly it is also a blueprint for the combining of Eastern and Western medicine based on the theories of TCM. |
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