| Water scarcity is seriously in China.In 2019,the amount of water per capita is 2051.21 m3,which is moderate water shortage.The water resources shortage is aggravated by the huge gap of different time and region.Water resources have become the key factor of economic growth.Water demand will grow up with economies and people demand.While the global climate change will reduce water resources.Water conservation the best choice in China.Technological progress is an important way to break through the resource constraint in the long run.In many regions,the adoption of water-saving technologies has allowed to remarkably improve the water efficiency.It is meaningful to understand water-saving technologies,find the path of their impact on economic growth,evaluate the impact of water-saving technologies on economic growth for improving the efficiency of water resources and formulating water-saving measures,and provide strong theoretical and empirical evidence support for the implementation of China and even the global water-saving strategy.At the beginning of the analysis,water resources and water-saving technologies was defined.Then the theory of water resources technical progress can be classified into the contribution of water to the economic growth,the drag of economic growth and water efficiency.After that,the analysis of China's water-saving technology was carried out.The characteristics of China's water-saving technology were expounded from the perspectives of horizontal,vertical and epitaxial,and the driving factors and paths for the progress of water-saving technology were further explained.Based on the "learning by doing",a model was built to depict the progress of water-saving technology.In order to understand the basic situation of water-saving technology,the total factor water resource efficiency was established and measured.After clarifying the water-saving technology,this paper concluded paths of water-saving technology to economic growth which includes water-saving effects and structural effects.Water-saving effects was from water-saving.Further,it was analyzed empirically by establishing a water-using model.The structural effects was caused by the change of the proportion of factor input.An indicator was constructed to measure the water-saving biased technological progress and an empirical analysis was carried out.Then,this paper studied the impact of water-saving technologies on economic growth from three different perspectives,firstly,when water-saving technology was exogenous,the tranlogarithmic production function was estimated by systematic GMM method,and the influence of water saving technology on economic growth was given.Secondly,by establishing the production efficiency model of water resources,water-saving technologies was incorporated into water resources,stochastic frontier method was adopted to estimate the impact of water-saving technologies on economic growth.Thirdly,under the constraint of the equilibrium path,the model of water-saving technology on economic growth was developed,and the annual average influence of water-saving technology on economic growth was calculated.The results showed that,the average total factor water resource efficiency was only 0.48.The effect of water-saving technology on water consumption was not significant enough.Water-saving technology improved by 1%while water consumption saved 0.01%.The main water-saving biased technologies was using of capital--saving of water resources.When water consumption was dropping,neutral water saving technology progress promote economic growth,the type of using capital--saving water resources impacted through the water-saving effect and structure effect to economic growth.The type of using labor--saving water impacted through the structure effect to promote economic growth.The water TFP increased by 1%and the GDP increased by 0.142%.Under the path of balanced growth,progress in water-saving technologies pushes up the economic growth rate by 0.25%per year on average. |
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