| With the influence of “spatial turn”in the humanities and social science discipline,it becomes important logical starting point and research strategy in many research subjects that the “space” is taken as a breakthrough point to rethink historical and cultural issues.Since 1880,various foreign powers set up concessions and factories in China which marked the start of Chinese modern industry.After nearly 100 years’ struggle,the spatial pattern of the traditional handicraft industry has been changed gradually,while the modern industry with its own characteristics has been formed,accompanied by the transformation of national and regional economy,as well as urban spatial structures.However,the research foundation of modern industrial space is weak.The traditional researches are mainly from the perspectives of geography,urban planning and architecture,while major research objects among them focus on some representative industries or areas,urban case studies,and the individual architecture.The existing researches indicate the lacking of integral cognition of modern industry space in macroscale of multiple industries on the national and regional scale.Besides,the former research methodology is limited to the traditional literature interpretation that focuses on the historical description.It means the lack of interdisciplinary theory and methodology which could integrate multivariate data for further spatial analysis and visualization research outcomes.In the face of existing research difficulties,this paper tries to introduce the perspective and methodology of spatial humanities,and to conduct interdisciplinary research on the Chinese modern industrial space in macroscale.This paper focuses on the “macroscopic distribution and site selection” and the “regional economy and urban space transformation under the influence of modern industry”with the perspective and methodology of spatial humanities,accompanied by the big data thinking,as well as theories and methods of other disciplines including GIS,geography,urban planning,history,statistic,etc.From these two aspects,the five typical spatial issues in national and municipal scale have been selected for further analysis and interpretation.It aims to discover the basic spatial characteristics in the process of Chinese modern industrialization,and to explore the methods of data collection,management,analysis and visualization in terms of modern industry in national and urban scale from multiple perspectives.Firstly,the chapter one accounts for research origin,and the confronting problems based on the literature review.Then the overall research purpose,perspective,data,and the framework are explained.Secondly,the chapter two to chapter six conduct empirical research on the five typical spatial issues following two clues of the “macroscopic distribution and site selection” and the “regional economy and urban space transformation under the influence of modern industry”.Among these,the “macroscopic distribution and site selection” means the discussion of the production activity space of nationwide modern industry which is interpreted in three chapters.The chapter two establishes the point dataset of modern industrial enterprises,the line dataset of Railway nationwide.The space-time evolution process of modern industry during 1840 to 1949 and its overall distribution pattern are analyzed by the methodologies of literature research,kernel density estimation,mean center,directional distribution,global spatial autocorrelation,hotspot analysis,etc.Based on these analyses,the main industrial agglomeration areas could be obtained for the further research.The chapter three presents intensive research on the industrial characteristics.Based on the analysis of economic geography,the point dataset of modern industries and enterprises nationwide has been established.It demonstrates the national spatial distribution before the Anti-Japanese War from the factors of departmental structure,production and marketing characteristics,labor condition,expenses and receipts,and labor union organization.The chapter four combines the theory of industrial location with the theory of time and space behavior,establishes a dataset of industrial layout behavior points of representative figures in different stages of the modern industrial layout process on the national scale.It demonstrates the temporal and spatial characteristics of the location selection of modern industrial layout preliminarily under the joint action of external impact and internal factors.The issue of “regional economy and urban space transformation under the influence of modern industry”takes the spatial analysis of national modern industrial producing activities as the foundation,and discusses the relationship between modern industry development,economy,and urban change based on two case studies of typical industrial agglomeration areas in regional scale(provincial-level/municipal-level)which are with relative abundant information.In the following,the chapter five focuses on industrial agglomeration area at central and eastern of Shandong province for the case studies,where the developed modern industry started earlier,with multiple traditional handicraft industries as well as abundant information of industrial economy.Through the establishment of provincial industrial distribution point dataset and trade flows mapping,along with literature research and spatial overlay analysis of relative elements,the evolution process of economic space from traditional handicraft industry to modern industry could be clarified.The chapter six presents the case study of the industrial agglomeration area at former Zhili province in which the modern industry developed rapidly with typical urban industrial spatial structure and the abundant information about urban industry.Based on the point dataset of urban size in provincial-level and of industrial enterprises location in municipal-level,as well as the urban historical map raster dataset,combining with literature research and spatial overlay analysis of relevant elements,it aims to discuss the relationship between modern industry development and urban spatial structure changes.The last chapter concludes the research that the methodology of spatial humanities could be introduced in the essential features analysis of modern industry space in macroscale.The research achievements are presented in two aspects:(1)The diverse space patterns and essential characteristics of modern industrialization process are revealed through the analytical framework of typical spatial issues;(2)By introducing the perspective and method of spatial humanities,China’s modern industrial data base platform has been established and a digital spatial map of the process of modern industrialization has been formed,which effectively supports the formation of interpretative viewpoints and supplement the traditional method of literature research.Furthermore,the research limitations and the further research directions are indicated. |
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