Research On The Evaluation Method And Application Of Urban Park Equity Performance From The Perspective Of Spatial Justice

The availability of urban parks is closely related to people’s health and social welfare.It is an important part of urban planning and construction to ensure residents’ fair access to urban parks.At present,there are many spatial injustices in urban park construction services.Traditional planning evaluation focuses on instrumental rationality and technical evaluation,but ignores value evaluation.The fair performance evaluation of urban parks is helpful to the optimization of park layout,the transformation of government decisionmaking and the solution of the contradiction between social supply and demand,which has certain theoretical and practical significance.This article take the thinking of "question-problem solving" and the logic of "basic research-cognition and research-method study-the empirical test" to organize the study.Through reviewing domestic and foreign literatures,it is found that there are some problems in the fair performance evaluation of domestic parks,such as lack of effective evaluation methods,insufficient consideration of social attributes of space,justice evaluation that ignores justice based on differences,and lack of identification of human needs.Based on the above background,this paper uses the idea of Space justice to clarify the theoretical framework,value system and evaluation points of Park fair performance evaluation,and constructs the park fair performance evaluation method.This paper aims to make up for the shortcomings of the current urban park planning practice in implementing fairness and meeting the needs of the population,and to provide the interaction of "feedback,adjustment,feedback and re-adjustment" between the park planning system and the implementation system.The main content of this paper mainly includes the following three aspects:1)Construction of fair performance evaluation method for urban parksMost of the related researches have originated from the west,and it is of great significance to explore the evaluation methods and indicators applicable to China.First of all,from the comprehensive consideration of the research at home and abroad,the cognition of national social problems,and the evaluation of data availability,this paper constructs the indicators suitable for the fair performance evaluation of domestic parks,including the difference performance indicators and the influencing factors indicators.It is considered that there are limitations in using single accessibility index to evaluate the difference of Park equity in China,which should be expanded into four dimensions: "accessibility,quantity,area and quality".The inequity of parks in China is mainly induced by income,education,urbanization and other factors.The indicators of influencing factors should include five aspects: social structure,income,education,occupation and housing.Secondly,through sorting out the value standards,evaluation principles and evaluation points of park equity performance evaluation and learning from the spatial justice theory,the park equity performance evaluation method is constructed.The three evaluation methods complement each other and reflect the equity problems of urban parks from different perspectives.2)Empirical test of park fair performance evaluation methodsThree methods were used to evaluate the fair performance of parks in Chongqing Center District from different points and scales(medium,macro and micro).The empirical test results show that the three methods can effectively reflect the fairness problems of different scales and angles.First,"Society-space" dialectical park equity performance evaluation method: based on the residential community as a scale,using big data,GIS,SPSS methods,analysis the fair difference of 4663 residential areas in the park under two modes of transportation(walking and public transport)and two time threshold(15 and 30 minutes).The results show that there is an obvious correlation between park equity pattern and social attribute.Under the 30-minute threshold,the unfair pattern of residential districts at all levels is not significant,did not present a live in the high prices of residential community park supply more advantage.Under the 15 minute life circle threshold,the park enjoyment of lowlevel residential districts is unfair.Second,Identification and evaluation methods of vulnerable areas and vulnerable groups in park services,which uses deprivation index and Gini coefficient to identify the vulnerable areas and vulnerable people in the park supply respectively with street as the scale.Principal component analysis is used to construct,calculate deprivation index,identify vulnerable streets,nonparametric rank sum test,ordinal regressions and Kendall correlation coefficient are used to analyze the difference of park supply in each street,and GWR is used to analyze the social influencing factors of park equity pattern.STATA software was used to calculate the Gini coefficient of park accessibility and total spatial distribution of four groups: permanent population,elderly population,children,unemployed and low-income population.It is found that the accessibility and quality of parks in the streets with serious deprivation are not fair,the accessibility and the total area of parks of the permanent population is better than that of the elderly,children,unemployed and low-income groups.There was little difference in Gini coefficient among different groups,but the Gini coefficient of all groups was higher than 0.6.It shows that compared with the fairness between groups,the overall Park balance and fairness in Chongqing Center District need more attention.Third,the evaluation method of urban park supply and demand based on the subject behavior activity.From the micro scale perspective,POI data,Tyson polygon and raster weight assignment method are used to analyze the matching degree of crowd activity demand and park layout.The field investigation and interview method is used to analyze the matching degree of crowd use demand and park supply.The results show that there is a mismatch between park resource allocation and crowd activity allocation and use demand in Chongqing Center District.Finally,the optimization strategy of parks in Chongqing Center District is put forward.It is considered that the correction and optimization should be carried out from six aspects,such as “targeted correction based on fair difference recognition” and “park planning guidelines based on demand and function orientation”.