| Parks in city are important public places for residents' recreations,which are of great significance to improve the livable level of city.Xi'an is a world famous historical and cultural city.Since the reform and Opening up 40 years ago,the urban population has increased from 2.1 million to 6.29 million,and the built-up area has expanded from 95 square kilometers to 566 square kilometers.With the continuous expansion of the city scale,the contradiction between the residents' increasing demand for park recreations and the unbalanced spatial distribution,inadequate supply of parks has become increasingly prominent.Thus,it is urgent to carry out the research on the spatial layout of urban parks and explore a scientific and feasible layout model.Based on this,this paper evaluates the spatial justice of Xi'an urban parks to meet the residents' demand for park recreations,according to the theory of spatial justice.It analyzes development law and action mechanism of Xi'an Park System?s “element-structure-function” by means of spatial analysis and mathematical statistics.From the perspective of spatial justice,this paper studies the spatial distribution pattern of Xi'an urban parks,and takes residential district parks as examples to do an empirical study.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1).The city park spatial distribution is the result of the allocation of park resources to residents.Based on the connotation of city park spatial justice,this paper has put forward the visualized and quantifiable spatial justice dimension,namely,index supply degree,opportunity acquisition degree,type enjoyment degree and the progressive logical relation among the three,from the perspective of spatial resources allocation of city parks.(2).The spatial justice of urban parks in Xi'an built-up area is evaluated by using three dimensions of spatial justice.From the point of index supply degree,the per capita green park area of one quarter of the residents in the area is lower than the lower limit of garden city that is 7 square meters per capita.From the point of opportunity acquisition degree,under the conditions of the residents' psychological threshold,they don?t have second chance to choose parks in half of the residential area.From the point of type enjoyment degree,under the conditions of residents' psychological threshold,nearly 2/3 of the residents in the area can?t enjoy two types of parks.In addition,the number,area and type of parks inside the second ring road with higher population density are all lower than those outside the second ring road with lower population density.Therefore,the spatial distribution of urban parks in Xi'an builtup area is obviously unfair.(3).It defines the spatial evolution process of Xi?an city park to the connotation of park system,which constitutes the theoretical framework of the spatial evolution process of city parks including stage of development,evolving mechanism,evolving content and development goal.It is found through the spatial-temporal evolution principle of “elementstructure-function” that although the total area,total number and total type of parks in the built area up to now from 1949 are at the highest level at present,there is still a certain distance to meet the requirements of spatial justice in the construction of landscape garden city and forest city.In addition,the construction of city parks in Xi?an falls behind the speed of urban expansion,showing an aggravating trend.Although the park structure of all administrative regions cannot meet the requirements of spatial justice,Lianhu District is the administrative region with best structure in any period.From 1949 to now,the parks with functional e evolution can be divided into two categories,comprehensive decline or grade decline due to the change of times and park transforming.It is found from evolution mechanism that sustainable urbanization and economic development play the most important role among the 6 factors affecting city park development.It is found that the built-up area and GDP are the main causes of the positive change of city park land while real estate investment has a negative effect through the regression analysis of the driving factors of these two influencing factors.Therefore,it is of great significance to enhance the spatial justice of Xi?an city park by formulating the targeted strategies to enhance the degree of spatial justice of parks of the NO.2 Ring and attaching importance to the park planning work in urban expansion as well as residents? interest demand for city park.(4).Based on the spatial justice standard of parks,this paper has put forward three nested park distribution patters in Xi?an,namely,residential,regional and municipal levels while referring to the hexagonal structure of central geographic theory.In the quantitative relation of residential configuration pattern,the ratio of children's playground,neighborhood park and residential park is 4:2:1.In the quantitative relation of regional configuration pattern,the ratio of children's playground,neighborhood park,residential park and regional park is 12:6:4:1.In the quantitative relation of municipal configuration pattern,the ratio of children's playground,neighborhood park,residential park,regional park and municipal park is 154:84:76:18:1.The empirical results show that the distribution pattern can improve the justice of city park spatial distribution based on the case study of residential level parks. |
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