| Environmental protection is a major project and a long-term,lasting task.Over the years,policies have been encouraging farmers to actively participate in environmental protection,encouraging the reduction of waste discharge,and encouraging farmers to enhance their awareness of waste resource utilization and harmless treatment.Although environmental protection work has never stopped,the historical legacy and future challenges still exist.With the continuous development of the farming industry,more and more waste is produced,which brings more and more pressure to the environment.Therefore,on the basis of firmly adhering to the two bottom lines of ecology and development,it is necessary to continuously develop scientific environmental regulation policies,improve the efficiency of pollutant treatment,continuously improve the promotion efficiency of environmental regulations,enhance farmers' awareness of environmental protection,and guide farmers to participate in environmental protection actively.At present,China's waterfowl production ranks first in the world,but the amount of waterfowl waste generated has also become the world's first.With the continuous increase of waste discharge,the pressure of pollutant treatment is also increasing.Although environmental regulations can be relied on to limit waterfowl pollutant emissions,these regulations are not efficient in the promotion and implementation of small-scale farmers,and their willingness to cooperate cannot be improved.Therefore,improving the enthusiasm of waterfowl farmers to dispose of waste is an important task that needs to be completed in the current green development process of the entire industry.The total amount of meat duck stock and slaughter exceeds 85% of the total waterfowl stock and slaughter.Therefore,this article mainly used meat duck farmers as a clue to study the treatment of waterfowl excrement and discussed how to improve the willingness of meat duck farmers to standardize waste disposal.So as to further regulate the waste disposal behavior of meat duck farmers.Then through step-by-step analysis,this paper combined the key indicators such as the degree of organization,breeding technology efficiency,net income of breeding,environmental regulation,farmers' willingness to pay for waste disposal,and waste disposal behavior of farmers.After systematic logical analysis,the internal connection between these indicators was constructed to better discuss step-by-step effective strategies for waste disposal of meat duck farmers.On the basis of literature review and relevant theoretical analysis,chapter 3 of this paper used the DEA-Malmquist index method to estimate the waterfowl industry's production efficiency and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and analyze the production efficiency of the entire industry from the perspective of total factor productivity based on the provincial panel data.The excretion coefficient method was used to estimate the manure excretion,greenhouse gas emission,nutrient content and the amount of nutrient resourceization of the meat duck and even the whole waterfowl industry from the perspective of revealing the pollution status,and analyzed their change patterns from the perspective of spatial and temporal distribution;Chapter 4 combined the stochastic frontier model analysis(SFA)and Cobb-Douglas(C-D)production function method to estimate the technical efficiency of meat duck breeding,and constructed a multiple linear regression model to analyze the influencing factors of technical efficiency,and tested the role of the degree of organization on the technical efficiency of farming and net income of farming using independent sample T-test and propensity score matching method(nearest neighbor matching method,radius matching method,and kernel matching method,respectively);Chapter 5,based on the perspective of meat duck farmers' environmental risk perception,used Oprobit model and Probit model to analyze the effects of farmers' environmental risk perceptions on the willingness to pay for waste disposal and disposal behavior under different degrees of organization.Chapter 6 firstly used the mediating effect model to conduct a three-stage Sgmediation test on farming technical efficiency and farming net income,then conducted the intermediary effect Sobel test,and finally conducts the Bootstrap test of mediating effect.This chapter tested the mediating effect of farming technical efficiency and farming net income in the role of the degree of organization of meat ducks based on the analysis of willingness and behavior.In Chapter 7,we chose breeding technical efficiency and profit as the adjustment variables to construct a moderating effect model,and respectively uses the methods of interaction term regression and group regression to test the moderating effect of breeding technical efficiency and profit on the efficiency of environmental regulations.Moreover,compare the impact of different environmental regulation implementation and promotion entities on farmers' willingness to accept,and positively affect waste treatment behavior by improving the degree of organization,improving the efficiency of breeding technology,and enhancing the profitability of breeding.Chapter 8 systematically compared the research content of the whole text and explainsed the logical connections between the chapters,and finally analyzed the results of the whole text in the form of conclusions and recommendations.The findings of this paper are as follows:(1)There are obvious regional differences in the production efficiency of China's duck industry,and the phenomenon of improper disposal of duck waste is widespread.The overall production layout of meat duck and the whole waterfowl industry shows a trend of "retreating east to west and moving north to south".The whole industry is likely to be affected by unexpected events,which means that the ability of the meat duck industry to resist risks needs to be improved;the emission of meat duck waste will increase with the increase of breeding quantity.Meat duck manure contains a large amount of solid and liquid pollutants and greenhouse gases,and contains a large amount of nutrients required by plants,but the proportion of nutrients being resourceized is not high,and it is necessary to continuously explore how to improve the ratio of these nutrients being resourceized.(2)The higher the degree of organization of the meat duck industry,the higher the technical efficiency of farming and the net income of farming,the stronger the effect on the behavior of farmers and the more favorable it is to guide farmers to participate in waste disposal.The technical efficiency of the company-plus-base model,company-plus-farmers model,large-farmers model and general retailer model were 0.9296,0.9231,0.9188 and 0.8992,respectively,and the mean value of technical efficiency was ranked as "company-plus-base model > company-plus-farmers model > large-farmers model > general retailer model".This indicates that the higher the degree of organization,the higher the technical efficiency of duck breeding.Hired labor input,self-employed labor input,feed and other production materials input all showed a significant positive influence pattern in the general retailer group,and all of them were higher than the influence degree in other groups.After analysis by the propensity score matching method,it was found that farmers' choice of the company-plus-base model with a higher degree of organization could significantly improve the technical efficiency of farming and the net income of farming,thus acting on farmers' behavior.(3)The environmental risk perceptions of meat duck farmers differed significantly,and the environmental risk perceptions under different degrees of organization had significant effects on the willingness to pay for waste disposal and disposal behavior.Through the analysis,waste disposal perceptions of farmers with different characteristics differed significantly.After further analysis of the influence of cognition on the willingness to pay for waste and disposal behavior,it was found that the indicators such as meat duck farmers' cognition of water pollution,cognition of receiving punishment,cognition of the degree of impact of waste on health,farming mode and farming experience,cognition of the degree of air pollution,cognition of the degree of impact of waste from farming sites on the surrounding population,cognition of resource utilization of farming waste,and gender of behavioral decision makers were significantly positively correlated with the willingness to pay for the treatment of aquaculture waste and the treatment behavior.After the moderating effect analysis,it was found that increasing the degree of organization could significantly moderate the impact of environmental risk perception on the enthusiasm of farmers for waste disposal.(4)The mediating effects of farming technical efficiency and net farm income in the effect of organization degree on farmers' willingness to pay for waste disposal and disposal behavior was significant.After the three-step analysis of mediating effects,it was concluded that the technical efficiency and net income of farming meat ducks passed the three-step test of mediating effects,respectively,and also passed the Sobel test of partial mediating effects,and finally passed the Bootstrap test of relaxed hypothesis premise,indicating that the mediating effects of technical efficiency and net income of farming significantly exist.It was verified that the improvement of farming technical efficiency and net income of farmers was conducive to promoting the increase of organization degree,thus achieving the goal of promoting the positive development of willingness to pay for farming waste disposal and disposal behavior.The comprehensive analysis further revealed a mutually reinforcing relationship between the degree of organization and the technical efficiency and net income of farming.(5)The moderating effects of the degree of organization,farming technical efficiency and net income in environmental regulation on farmers' willingness to pay for waste disposal and behavior were more significant.After the moderating effect test,it was concluded that the degree of organization,farming technical efficiency,and net income of farming had significant effects on waste disposal behavior,and there was a mutual moderating relationship between the moderating variables and the moderated variables.The degree of organization,technical efficiency of farming and net income had different degrees and directions of moderating effects on the influence of environmental regulation on the efficiency of guiding willingness and the efficiency of standardized behaviors,and these two variables had a significant positive regulatory effect on the indicators that measure the efficiency of environmental regulation.It indicated that the degree of organization,efficiency of farming technology and net income can,to some extent,enhance the motivation of environmental regulation on farmers' willingness to pay for waste disposal and enhance the normative behavior of disposal.(6)Comparing the efficiency of regulation promotion of regulation implementation subjects,the efficiency of company promotion was significantly higher than that of government promotion.The direction of the effect of regulations of cooperative organizations on the willingness to pay for waste disposal and disposal behavior was significantly positive.And the positive regulation of the degree of organization,technical efficiency and net income on the regulatory system promoted by companies regarding waste disposal behavior was more significant compared to government promotion.It further indicated that the farmers' willingness to accept the regulatory system of waste treatment behavior developed and promoted by the company is stronger after the farmers' participation in organizational cooperation,and the farmers were more inclined to cooperate with the company in developing and implementing the policy on waste treatment,indicating that the degree of organization had a positive moderating effect on the efficiency of environmental regulation.To summarize the above conclusions,"actively encouraging more cooperative relationships between meat duck farmers and cooperative organizations can further promote the formation of the 'company+' mode,thus improving the interaction between the degree of organization and the technical efficiency and net income of farmers,increasing the participation of farmers in the company's cooperation.The 'company plus' mode can further improve the efficiency of environmental regulations to guidie farmers' willingness and regulate their behaviors.Ultimately realize the combination of internal guidance,external guidance and external constraints,and jointly promote the active participation of farmers in the meat duck industry waste treatment".The innovations of this study are:(1)This paper analyzes the intrinsic reasons for the low motivation of meat duck farmers to dispose of waste and the factors for the low efficiency of environmental regulation policy promotion in the process of meat duck waste disposal,and scientifically constructs a theoretical framework for improving the motivation of farmers to dispose of waste and improving the efficiency of environmental regulation promotion.Starting the analysis from the endogenous motivation of normative behavior and the efficiency of external regulation constraints,we make the theoretical construction idea clearer and the research framework more complete.This article can further enhance the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of waste treatment strategies and provide a useful reference for guiding farmers to actively participate in waste treatment.(2)This paper reveals the pollution problem of waterfowl excretion from the perspectives of nutrient content,greenhouse gas content,and total nutrient resource utilization with meat ducks as the research object.Takeing the improvement of organization as the external motivation for behavior guidance and behavior constraint,we analyze waste treatment efficiency and provide a new argument for the research on waste disposal of farmers,and a new perspective for solving the problems of harmless disposal and resource utilization.The research perspective is more suitable for waste pollution problem exploration,and the research path is more consistent with the construction of waste treatment efficiency improvement strategy,which further enhance the completeness of the research on waste status revealing and waste treatment efficiency improvement strategy of livestock and poultry industry.(3)This paper explores the strategies to improve the efficiency of meat duck waste treatment from the perspectives of technical efficiency of meat duck breeding and net income of breeding,which further enhances the persuasiveness of the role of the degree of organization on waste treatment behavior and provides new ideas for the construction of the theoretical framework of waste treatment.It verifies the external guidance effect that increasing the degree of organization of farmers can act on waste disposal efficiency,and verifies the external constraint effect that increasing the degree of organization of farmers can act on waste disposal efficiency,which provides a theoretical reference for the construction of the theoretical framework of waste disposal motivation improvement and the improvement of the efficiency of environmental regulation promotion. |
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