| The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources provide an important material basis and energy guarantee for social and economic development,which also lead to a series of environmental pollution and ecological deterioration problems at the same time.Therefore,it’s of urgency and reality to address the issue of the sustainable development of mine areas.Green mine,a brand-new development mode is considered as the best solution so far.With the promotion of relevant policies,the number of green mine pilot units has increased rapidly,and the construction of green mines is under steady development.In this context,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study and evaluate the development level of green mines in China,as well as to summarize and explore the development models of green mines,and to construct a long-term mechanism for the developments of them.In view of this,based on the investigation and research data of the pilot units of green mines in China,this article analyzed the achievements and existing problems in the development of green mines,and evaluated different development levels of green mines between industries through designed index system,and summed up the typical development modes of green mines in China.At the end of it,on the basis of analyzing the driving factors of green mine development,this article also summarized the long lasting development mechanism in macro level and build a developmental path for green mines in a micro level.The main contents of this article are as follows:(1)The development of green mine pilot units in China was systematically investigated.Firstly,this article reviewed the construction process of green mines in China,introduced the development status of them,and analyzed the existing problems and challenges in their development.The research shows that the development of green mines can be divided into four stages: embryo stage,initial stage,fast development stage and forming stage.The development pattern of pilot units of green mines in China has been basically established,and remarkable achievements have been made in digitalization,modern mine construction,scientific and technological innovation and comprehensive utilization of resources,restoration and control of mine ecological environment,and harmonious development of mining areas.At the same time,there are some problems in the development of green mines,such as uncoordinated development pattern,unsound standard system of green mines,imperfect supporting policies for green mine construction,inadequate coordination and supervision,and many challenges in comprehensive utilization,tackling major scientific and technological problems and environmental governance.(2)This article put forward and built an index system which includes core index on reflecting similarity and importance and assisting index reflecting the characteristics of mine industry and the traits of different mines by analyzing the existing indexes,the basic condition of our green mine and the PSR model.With indexation evaluation and set-pair analytical approach introduced to the evaluation of mountain development levels,we evaluated and compared the development level of green mines of each industry in China.The results show that:(1)There is imbalance in regional development in the industry,the development level of green mines in the eastern part of the coal,gold and non-ferrous industries is ahead of other regions;the development level of green mines in the northeastern part of the oil and gas industry is the highest;and the progress in the central part of the chemical industry is the most remarkable.(2)There are differences in the development level of green mines among different scales,and the development level of large-scale mines is generally higher than that of small and medium-sized mining enterprises.(3)There are differences in the level of development between industries.The level of comprehensive development of oil-gas industry is the highest,followed by chemical industry and gold industry,building materials and non-metallic industry is the lowest,the gap between the comprehensive levels is small;in each dimension of development,the gap between energy conservation and emission reduction is the largest,followed by scientific and technological innovation and land reclamation.(4)There are differences in the degree of coordinated development among industries.The oil-gas and gold industries are in good coordination,with the best performance from view of each dimension,while coal,non-ferrous and metallurgical industries are on the opposite,in a struggling status.(3)Based on the evaluation of green mine development level,the development paths and modes of green mine are explored by using factor analysis and structural equation model.First of all,factor analysis was used to explore the key influencing factors of green mine development.The results show that ecological restoration,green technology,harmonious community,corporate culture,standardized management and comprehensive utilization have significant impacts on the development of green mines.On such basis,6 direct and 15 circuitous paths were founded by the model of latent variable path analysis of structural equation.The path effect analysis shows that the impact of such factors diminishes from enterprise culture,standardized management,green technology,ecological restoration,comprehensive utilization to community harmony.Secondly,in light of the above analysis,combined with the successful experience of typical green mine construction,the typical development modes of green mines are summarized as green management modes,green technology modes,ecological recovery modes,community harmony modes and circular economy park modes,which form the typical development mode system of green mines in China preliminarily.Finally,according to the development paths and typical development modes of green mines,this paper comes to the promotion routes of green mine development.(4)The government regulation,public supervision,technical factors and green atmosphere that drive the developments of green mines are analyzed in theory.Theoretical analysis shows that government regulation,public supervision,technical factors and green atmosphere all have significant driving effects on the development of green mines in theory.On this basis,a long-term mechanism of green mine development,including evaluation mechanism,incentive mechanism,supervision mechanism,cooperation mechanism and guarantee mechanism,is established from the macro perspective.The evaluation mechanism finds out the problems and deficiencies of mining enterprises and their government policies and systems,and provides practical basis for targeted policy-making.Incentive mechanism and supervision mechanism urges enterprises to actively carry out green mine construction.The coordination mechanism realizes the goal coordination and behavior coordination of the participants of green mine construction.The guarantee mechanism ensures a long-term and smooth development of green mines through a series of policy supporting measures.This article includes 58 graphs,48 tables and 197 reference documents. |
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