| The treatment of rural domestic waste is related to the well-being of 600 million rural residents and the effectiveness of the construction of beautiful countryside.In 2018,China’s rural domestic waste production was about 164.7 million tons,of which nearly a quarter of domestic waste was not collected and treated,only 48.91% of domestic waste was harmlessly treated.The phenomenon of "waste blown by wind" and discarded everywhere still appear in the daily life of the village.At present,with the support of relevant policies,most rural areas solve the problem of domestic waste management through a mixed treatment method of "farmer dropping-village collection-town/district transportation-county/city disposal".This method ostensibly solves the environmental problems such as dirty,chaotic,but actually causes serious secondary pollution to soil,groundwater and air,which failing to realize the effective management of rural domestic waste and the benign development among the ecological,economic and social systems.The classification and treatment of rural domestic waste is an effective way to achieve the reduction,recycling and harmless of domestic waste.Especially in the current situation of the COVID-19 epidemic and other frequent occurred infectious diseases,the classification and treatment of rural domestic waste is particularly important.Farmers are the source of rural domestic waste and the implementation of classification management,as well as the direct beneficiaries of domestic waste classification management.They have the endogenous motivation to participate in the management of rural domestic waste and improve the rural living environment.As rural public goods and providing public services,the domestic waste classification management has strong positive externalities.The participation of domestic waste classification and management is a collective cooperative behavior beneficial to the society,while social capital is believed to be able to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers waste participation through trust and reciprocity,information dissemination,norms constraints and relationship network,and solve the "collective action dilemma" and "tragedy of the commons" and other problems in classification and management.In addition,farmers’ participation in the classification and treatment of rural domestic waste is also an independent choice behavior under a certain institutional framework.The different environmental care of farmers often affects their choice preference and participation depth in classified governance,which in turn determines the decision-making process and effect of collective cooperation behavior.Therefore,based on rural,give play to the role of farmer main body,fully respect farmers’ demands,according to the preference from the angle of collective action to explore the feasibility of farmers in participating the domestic waste classification management and its necessary components.It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to describe the influence mechanism,action process and realization path of social capital and environmental concern on farmers’ participation preference,which can further optimize policy design,give play to farmers’ endogenous motivation and promote rural environment livability.Respecting farmers’ preferences and designing scientific and reasonable classification policies are the core of the effective implementation of the sustainable classification and management of domestic waste and the improvement of human living environment.But at present,the first is the lack of the main role of domestic waste management and rural public goods supply;the second is the "top-down" design and implementation of domestic waste classification and management policy,which ignores the preferences of farmers and restricts the implementation of classification and management policy to maximize its effect.Based on this,this article depends on the polycentric governance theory,collective action theory,utility theory,externality theory,governance theory,social capital theory,the peasant household behavior theory to design a simulation experiment of farmers’ preference for participating in classification and management according to the four links of "dropping-collection-transport-disposal" involved in domestic waste classification management,depicting the social capital,environmental concern for farmers to participate in the mechanism of the preference.Based on the micro survey data of 863 household samples from 52 non-pilot sample villages in rural areas of Shaanxi province,this paper adopts various quantitative analysis methods to systematically study the selection preference of farmer waste source classification,the selection preference of classification mode and the selection preference of cooperation mode.The influence mechanism and action path of social capital and environmental concern on farmers’ preference for domestic waste classification management were verified and revealed.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,the cognition of rural domestic waste classification and management was gradually enhanced,but the participation of farmers was not high.Macro data analysis shows that while the amount of domestic waste is increasing,the treatment input is also increasing year by year.However,there are still some problems,such as weak governance effect,imperfect institutional system and insufficient participation of farmers.According to the survey in the study area,there are differences in the classification mode and treatment effect of rural domestic waste classification and management in the four pilot villages,and there is a lack of participation of farmers,not to mention the lack of making and implementing the classification treatment according to the preferences of farmers.Only 3 of the 52 non-pilot sample villages implemented the classification treatment and built the putrefiable/compostable waste treatment facilities.59.68% of the 863 farmers simply classifying recyclable waste,but the sample farmers have a strong sense of responsibility for waste classification,classification cognition,source classification attitude and classification ability.Therefore,comprehensively promoting the sustainable classification and management of rural waste,establishing the concept of green governance is the premise,classification operation is the starting point,rules and regulations are the guarantee and respecting the preferences of farmers and mobilizing their active participation is the key point.Secondly,a social capital index system consisting of 14 indicators from three dimensions of social trust(institutional trust and interpersonal trust),social norms and social networks is constructed.The social capital of the sample farmer is measured and the characteristics of social capital of farmers under different dimensions are found to be significantly different.The Chinese version of environmental care scale CNEP was used to measure environmental care.The mean value of environmental care of farmers was 3.840,indicating a high level of environmental care.The Ordered Probit model was used to empirically analyze the influence of social capital and environmental concern on the preference of farmers for the selection of source classification.Institutional trust and interpersonal trust in social capital significantly enhance domestic waste source classification preference,while social norms and social networks have no significant effect on domestic waste source classification preference.In addition,the number of years of education also has a significant positive effect on domestic waste source classification preference.In general,the total index of social capital,environmental concern and education level all significantly improved the willingness level of domestic waste source classification and passed the robustness test.Thirdly,the choice experimental results of farmers’ preference for classified governance models showed that participating farmers have significant preference and higher willingness to pay for the domestic waste classification,and social capital and environmental concerns significantly positively affected their willingness to pay.The participating farmers have a strong preference for the improvement of public services in domestic waste classification and management.Moreover,farmers show significant preference for publicity and training,door-to-door collection frequency of cleaners and classification and disposal level of domestic waste classification and management.Farmers to sweep the door frequency as well as the end of the domestic waste classification disposing of trash collection level these 2indicators attribute have significant marginal willingness to pay,sweep the door waste collection frequency of the average marginal willingness to pay is 2.224 yuan/month/door,domestic waste classification treatment level at the end of the average marginal willingness to pay is 1.075 yuan/month/door.Farmers’ overall willingness to pay was 22.033yuan/month/household on average.In general,the larger the scale of the social network,the higher the degree of interpersonal trust and the higher the level of social norms,the higher the level of environmental concern,the lower the probability of farmers to choose to maintain the status quo,the stronger the preference of participating in classification and management of domestic waste.From the perspective of the individual and family characteristics of farmers,young and well-educated farmers have a high preference and willingness to pay for classification and management of domestic waste.Forthly,the choice experimental results of the cooperative preference of farmers in the sunshine composting house showed that farmers had a higher preference for cooperation in the sunshine composting house,and social capital and environmental concerns significantly positively increased the willingness of farmers to participate in cooperation.Government subsidies can effectively improve farmers’ willingness to cooperate in the sunshine composting house,and farmers prefer the sunshine composting house cooperation mode with more participating farmers,higher cooperation flexibility,closer distance to the village and technical support provided by relevant technical departments.In general,the larger the scale of social network,the higher the degree of institutional trust,and the higher the level of environmental care,the less likely the farmers choose to maintain the status quo,and the stronger the cooperative preference to participate in the cooperative supply of the sunshine composting house and carry out the classification and treatment of domestic waste.Finally,in order to implement practical rural domestic waste classification and management policy scheme,reduce the gap between the policy scheme and the implementation effect,and comprehensively improve the rural living environment.This paper,based on the theoretical analysis and empirical results,according to the farmers preference to design scientific and reasonable classification model and the cooperation governance model,constructs the feasible farmers participate mechanism.Based on the perspective of social capital and environmental concern,the paper puts forward policy suggestions and guarantee system to guide,restrict and encourage farmers to participate in waste classification and management.It is expected to provide a decision-making reference and empirical reference for relevant departments to formulate waste classification and management policies according to farmers’ preferences,and provides scientific basis for research on farmers’ preferences in the supply of rural public goods. |
