Research On The Evolution And Governance Of Urban Haze In Xi'an (1912-2019)

With the industrial development which has brought technological innovation and social civilization progress,the natural environment on which human beings depend for existence has been destroyed as never before.Urban smog is the product of industrial economic development.London and Xi 'an are no accident that similar environmental problems occur.This paper selects London and Xi 'an as the research objects to explore the urban smog problems that accompanies the industrial development of the two cities.By analyzing the historical evolution characteristics,spatial regional distribution,natural geographical conditions,major pollution sources,harmful effects and control measures of smog in the two places,from the perspective of interactive comparison,the similarities and differences are summarized.Looking for industry as the main driving factor behind urban smog,exploring the dual relationship between technology and urban smog,as well as the advantages of China's later development of smog governance,outlook on the smog problems in China,in order to provide certain academic research value for urban smog governance,as well as the ecological civilization and the sustainable development of industrial economy development construction.This paper firstly analyzes the special topographical and climatic conditions of London and Xi 'an from the perspective of physical geography,including the erosion loess in Xi 'an,wind field,monsoon conditions,basin topography,precipitation and other factors,as well as the special climatic conditions and landforms of London.In addition,this paper summarizes the special physical and geographical conditions of other typical cities with smog at home and abroad,and expounds the important role of the natural environment of the smog outbreak.In addition to the special natural factors,human factors play an important role in the outbreak of smog.Xi 'an and London are both smog problems in the process of industrialization.On the premise of coal as the basis of energy,the industry of Xi'an and London develops rapidly,and urban smog is accompanied by it.The historical evolution and spatial distribution of London's smog from the beginning to the present period,the duration to the outbreak period show certain characteristics.The British government has taken a series of measures to deal with the smog problem.Its successful experience shows that the government's supervision,public participation and scientific and technological investment are the three elements of the British city's smog control.Coal power security and the implementation of certain policies during the period of late Qing dynasty and the republic of China,such as on-the-spot investigation,the northwest industrial westward development strategy to become the main driver of Xi'an modem industrial development,since the founding of China,the improvement of coal transportation conditions has facilitated the industrial development,Xi 'an industrial economy from the transition period,laying period gradually developed into a considerable scale of modern industrial system.The history development of smog in Xi'an,which is mainly composed of sand and dust from the ancient sands wind,gray sands phenomenon to the coal smoke pollution since the founding of China,from 1949 to the early 1990s,with the increase of industrial and household coal consumption in Xi 'an,urban smog showed the characteristics of spatial regional distribution and the seasonal changes.In view of the urban smog problems in this period,the measures include comprehensive treatment at the government level and the emission reduction taken by enterprises such as power plants as the heavy polluting enterprises appeared gradually.In the past three decades,the urban smog in Xi 'an has taken on the new characteristics of compound pollution,the expansion of its scope and the aggravation of its degree.There are certain regularity which including the complex diversity of urban air pollution sources,the annual and seasonal variation of air quality,the spatial distribution of smog and the major polluting industries.In view of the new characteristics of urban smog in Xi'an in the past 30 years,a series of new measures to control smog have been appeared.Through the analysis of the smog control path in China and Britain,it can be seen that there are still some deficiencies in smog control in China.Smog is a kind of air pollution phenomenon with serious harm.After the outbreak of smog in London and Xi'an,it has caused harm to human life and health,urban traffic,animal and plant growth,building appearance,global climate and economic development,etc.In addition,other typical cities at home and abroad also have some negative effects after the occurrence of smog.As for the smog,people also have a certain degree of recognition.London society's cognition of smog has gone through a process of transformation from distortion to understanding.while the cognition of smog in Xi 'an has changed from blind to clear.It can be seen that there are some differences between the two places in people's cognition of smog.There are many similarities and differences in the urban smog problems in the two places.There are certain similarities in the dialectical relationship between economic structure and environmental problems,the pollution source and smog season,the interaction between human and environment,and the dual relationship between science and urban smog.There are differences in people's awareness and participation,social problems caused by smog,physical and geographical environment,the process and consequences of smog,and the time period of smog occurrence between the two places.From the current situation of China's social and economic construction,China's economic development model is still dominated by the high-energy industrial economy in the future,and coal is still the main fuel source of China,therefore,the governance of smog is still a long way to go.From the aspects of physical geography,fuel structure,group consciousness and human-land relationship,this paper predicts the development trend of smog in Xi 'an and analyzes the advantages of smog control in the future.Moreover,the positive effects brought by smog are proposed,such as promoting scientific and technological progress,product research and development,and improving people's environmental protection concept.In the new era of "building a beautiful China",we look forward to a harmonious coexistence of "prosperity" and "cleanliness".The natural environment on which human beings live will be more beautiful.