Studies On The Integrative Development Of Hunan Use Mineral Resources And Eco-environment

Mineral resources are the important materials for human existence and development, and exploitation of mineral resources has contributed greatly to our country's economic and social development. However, due to lack of environmental-protection sense, predatory and extensive exploitation, severe problems have occurred in the course of mineral exploitation, causing disorder exploitation, low efficiency, frequent accidents and damaged ecological system. The more the mineral resources are exploited, the poorer the mineral-enriched areas have become. To protect the ecological system of the mineral areas in the course of exploitation, we first give a definition to eco-economical system in the mineral areas, a co-existent system to coordinate mineral exploitation and environmental protection, and analyze its features and running mechanism. Based on this, it is proposed that an eco-compensation mechanism concerning mineral exploitation and ecological development in the mineral areas should be perfected. By analyzing the experience of eco-compensation mechanism at home and abroad, we describe a framework of eco-compensation mechanism for mineral exploitation in our country. It is clear that to evaluate the efficiency of compensation mechanism, an integrated way is needed, guided by scientific evaluating index. Trying to make it scientific, practical, systematic and reliable, we construct a descriptive index system of sub-economic system, sub-resources system and sub-ecological system, and construct an evaluating index system from it. To make the index systems more comparable, the basic principles and operation steps of network-level analysis and principal components analysis are introduced respectively. It is pointed out that the integrated index to evaluate mineral exploitation and ecological protection is the degree of coordination.By consulting various statistic almanacs and doing field surveys in Hunan Province, we have an empirical study of mineral exploitation and ecological coordination in the Province, both in vertical and lateral evolvement tendency. The vertical evolvement tendency is analyzed from two aspects. The first one is single index analysis. At the request of acquirable data, we choose five proportion indexes. They are the Engel coefficient proportion between urban dwellers and mineral-area dwellers, the proportion of per capita income between urban dwellers and mineral-area dwellers, the proportion of working efficiency between urban and mineral areas, the proportion between resource recovery rate and resource exploitation rate, and the percentage of environmental protection investment in the total investment in the mineral areas. After the indexes are chosen, the historical evolvement tendency of each index is analyzed, and its corresponding chart of evolvement tendency is made, and the result is briefly indicated as well. The second one is multiple index analysis, that is, to weigh the above-mentioned five indexes according to network-level analysis and principal components analysis, and the weighted average, from the weight and the corresponding annual data in Hunan Province from 1978 to 2008, is just the integrated degree of coordination. The result of index evolvement indicates that the difference between mineral exploitation and ecological coordination has been constantly increased, though in certain years the evolvement difference is decreased. Meanwhile, this paper, taking 14 cities and one prefecture as a case study in Hunan Province in 2008, studies the space difference of mineral exploitation and ecological coordination in a lateral and comparative way, hoping to provide solutions for the existing problems. Network-level analysis and principal components analysis are used in the study, and clustering analysis is adopted. The clustering result indicates that mineral exploitation and ecological coordination is geographically unbalanced in the Province, the eastern areas having an obvious higher degree of coordination than the western areas.The evaluation, whether from vertical or lateral, shows that the general situation of mineral exploitation and ecological coordination in Hunan Province is depressing. This is against the scientific view of development and conflicting with the Province's goal to build a two-oriented (resource-saving and environment-friendly) society. Understanding this, we have fully drawn lessons and experience from foreign countries and constructed an ecological compensation mechanism and a continuous industry-aid mechanism as well. We have also provided suggestions to develop mineral cluster model, mineral circular economy model and low-carbon economy model. By constructing mechanisms, reforming systems and proving suggestions, we hope that mineral exploitation and ecological environment could be developed harmoniously, and the Province's goal to build a two-oriented society could be realized.