The Study On Eco-environmental Influence Of Mineral Resource Exploitation

Yalong watershed is located in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Thisarea is rich in natural resources and the geographic location is significant too. Yalongwatershed is an essential ingredient of China’s western development. The ecologicaland environment problems origined from minal development are uncertain andcomplex. We need to understand the process of environment response of mineraldevelopment immediately and control human activities scientifically to achieve theresources-human-environmental harmony.This article takes ecological environment influence of mineral resourcedevelopment at Yaong river basin in Jiulong country as study object, based on fieldsampling investigation and the comprehensive utilization of remote sensingtechnology、hierarchical analysis、genetic artificial neural network (GA-BP)theoretical method to extract relevant environmental information. In this research,geochemical data and GIS tools are combined in analysis of he regular of metaldistribution pollution produced by mineral resources development.The process ofecological environment affect of the mineral resources development was analysedboth in micro and macro scales with the aid of multivariate statistical analysis. Thispaper providing scientific and accurate basis for the work of protection andgovernment of ecological environment and the harmonious use of natural resourcesand economic development.Finally, ecological protection measurements of mineralresource exploitation are propound. The main recognition and achievement of thethesis are listed as follow:（1）In this paper, topography information, watershed information, land coverinformation and vegetation coverage information were extracted from collected data and a large number of field investigation work. Extracting soil erosion information byhierarchy process and genetic neural network algorithm, then come to the conclusionthat the genetic neural network algorithm is suit to evaluate soil erosion research.（2）GIS is used in the study of the regular of distribution of geochemistry. Thencome to conclusions: drainage sediment pollution level is relatively serious atupstream where slope is moderate. Stream has the ability of dilution.The pollutionelements translate along the runoff of stream.The concentrations are higher at theintersection of tributaries where flow accumulation is low.The metal elements in soilare easy enriched where slope is moderate and soil erosion is slight.Through theresearch,it can conclude that by useing GIS tools we can choose where the pollution ismore serious for sample analysis,then fewer points can be collected to evaluate thepollution degree of the mining area. It can save the cost of sample and has economicbenefit.（3）The response of ecological environment origined from mineral resourcedevelopment in the study area divided into macro and micro two scales. Macro scaleanalysis select yalong river basin as the research area, making research of theresponse of mining point distance、soil type、land cover、vegetation coverage,nlithology and the soil erosion origined by mineral resource development. The resultsshow that where near the mining leases polluted by mining more serious. Brown soiland dark brown soil are easy affected by mining. the influences of forest land, grassand are more serious than cultivated land, bare land, drainage, villages and town.Different mineral resource exploitation will intensify the migration of metal elementsfrom rock to stream sediments.The response of mineral resource development in weaksoil erosion area is greater than where the intensity of soil erosion is strengh.Thenusing the principal component analysis to rank the the response of above factors fromhigh to low: mines distance, vegetation coverage, soil erosion, land cover types andsoil type.Micro scale analysis uset buffer region and small watershed where locatedupstream and downstream as research unit，Concluded by comparison that metalelements concentration in the stream dillute along the direction of flow. Metalelements in soil are relatively easy to enrich on the downstream side of the miningleases, and the pollution of soil generated by mining development in small watershedrange are greater than the buffer regin.The research of Response in differentvegetation coverage area research shows low vegetation area soil are more susceptibleto the influence of the mineral exploitation, the influence of high vegetation areasrelatively weaker.The study of biodiversity illustrated that small watershed can reflect different biological abundance.The abundance index in upstream is higher thandownstream. It means that the mineral resource development can affect biologicaldiversity.（4）Providing the ecological environment protection of mineral resourcedevelopment based on research results and specific situation of research area.Forexample: set up the consciousness of environmental protection of mineraldevelopment, protecting rare species, conservation and restoration of vegetation, thereasonable development of agriculture and enhance the study of the industrialization ofminal development.