Research On Household Carbon Emission Assessment And Emission Reduction Countermeasures Of Urban And Rural Areas

Responding to changes in the global climate system characterized by climate warming and curbing global greenhouse gas emissions have become the general consensus of the international community.As the main body of product and service consumption,household carbon emissions have become one of the important sources of global carbon emissions.Due to the obvious differences in household consumption levels between urban and rural areas in China,as well as the gaps in the level of economic development among different provinces,there are obvious heterogeneity in the consumption levels and carbon emission levels of urban and rural households in provinces.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the differences in household carbon emissions between urban and rural residents at the national and provincial levels,as well as the main influencing factors driving the differences in household carbon emissions,so as to provide a scientific basis for China to formulate relevant carbon emission policies.On the basis of reviewing the relevant theories of household carbon emissions such as sustainable development,low-carbon economy,sustainable consumption,and household metabolism,this paper focusing on domestic and foreign research progress,such as household energy consumption,household carbon emissions,as well as household carbon emission assessment methods,constructed an evaluation method framework for China's urban and rural household carbon emissions,and evaluated the characteristics of urban and rural household carbon emissions changes at the national and provincial levels from 2002 to 2019.This paper draws the following main research conclusions:(1)From 2002 to 2019,the total carbon emissions of Chinese households continued to rise,with an increase of 2.5 times,and the growth rate of urban household carbon emissions was always faster than that of rural households,and the difference in the total carbon emissions between urban and rural households further widened.The per capita carbon emissions of Chinese households followed the trend of continuous increase in the total carbon emissions,but the difference in the per capita carbon emissions between urban and rural households has narrowed.The growth rate of indirect carbon emissions of Chinese households is faster than that of direct carbon emissions,and the gap between them is widening.(2)From a provincial perspective,both the total and per capita carbon emissions of urban and rural households have shown an upward trend.In terms of spatial distribution,it generally presents a pattern of "high in the East and low in the West ",and shows a certain regional aggregation,and the performance of urban areas is more prominent.Regardless of the growth rate or increment,the total carbon emission of urban households at the provincial level is larger than that of rural households.In terms of increment,the per capita carbon emissions of urban households at the provincial level are greater than those of rural households,but from the perspective of growth rate,the carbon emissions of rural households are greater than those of urban households.(3)From the perspective of urban-rural differences,the direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions of households in all provinces were higher in urban areas than in rural areas.From the perspective of emission structure,all households both in urban and rural areas in all provinces show that indirect carbon emissions are higher than direct carbon emissions.The direct and indirect carbon emissions of urban households at the provincial level are on the rise.Except for Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Qinghai and Xinjiang,the gaps between the direct and indirect carbon emissions of urban households in other 26 provinces are further expanding.Regardless of the ratio or the difference between indirect carbon emissions and direct carbon emissions,rural households are smaller than urban households.The direct carbon emission structure of urban and rural households in each province is diversified,and the changes in the indirect carbon emission structure are relatively consistent,but the emissions from housing,food,and electricity consumption are still the main sources of carbon emissions both for urban and rural households at the province level.(4)From the analysis results of the influencing factors of carbon emissions of urban and rural households at the national level,residents' disposable income and energy structure are the main factors that cause the increase of direct carbon emissions of urban and rural households,and the emission factor and energy intensity are the main factors that inhibit the increase of direct carbon emissions of urban and rural households;embodied carbon emission intensity is the main factor that inhibits the increase of indirect carbon emissions of urban and rural households,per capita consumption and expenditure structure are the main factors that cause the increase of indirect carbon emissions of urban and rural households.The influencing factors of indirect carbon emissions of urban and rural households at the provincial level are consistent with the results at the national level,but the contribution rate of each factor shows a certain regional difference.Based on the above research results,this paper puts forward five principles of carbon emission reduction for China's urban and rural households,namely,equal emphasis on improving the quality of life and developing low-carbon consumption,government guidance,business-led and public participation,market-led and lowcarbon consumption cultural guidance,science and technology support and low-carbon public goods.This paper identifies priority areas for carbon emission reduction for China's urban and rural households,such as optimizing the civil energy supply structure,updating the civil energy supply system,vigorously promoting energy-saving home appliances,actively advocating green travel,promoting low-carbon catering,developing low-carbon buildings,and promoting low-carbon recreational activities.Finally,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for carbon emission reduction of Chinese urban and rural households:(1)improving laws and standards and strengthen policy support;(2)strengthening regulatory management and low-carbon consumption services;(3)further developing low-carbon industrial chain;(4)establishing low-carbon consumption concept and attaching importance to low-carbon environmental protection education;(5)building a scientific evaluation system of residents' low-carbon consumption.The relevant research conclusions of this paper can provide support for the carbon emission management of household consumption,which is of great significance to the global response to climate change and the realization of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.