| Factor input is the main driving force of industrial development,and it also has an important impact on the ecological environment,therefore,the improvement of ecology is becoming a rigid constraint in the development of China's industry sectors.The transformation and upgrading is the severe situation facing China's industry at present,and many problems are threatening industry sectors such as resources dependence,investment-driven growth,labor intensive production,unreasonable energy structure,inefficient scientific and technological innovation,etc.The optimization of input factors with the ecological constraint will be a crucial task in the process of transformation and upgrading.An improved slack-based measure data envelopment analysis model named HUS-SBM is constructed,which contains undesirable outputs and characteristic of hybrid super-efficiciency.Combining with Malmquist index,eco-efficiencies of 22 industry sectors in China are measured using this approach,the input inefficiency and undesirable output inefficiency are calculated,and then the evolution charateristics of eco-efficiency in 22 industry sectors are anlalyzed.According to the inefficiency states,the 22 industry sectors are classified into 4 types,which are high consumption and high emissions,high consumption and low emissions,low consumption and low emissions and low consumption and high emissions respectively.Using the approach of panel data analysis,the relationships between eco-efficiency and influence factors are studied in these 4 different types of industry sectors with the data of 2007-2016.The production functions of all industrial types are established in the same way.An optimal control model is constructed,in which eco-efficiency is selected to be a constraint,self utility of the industry is selected to be the utility function,fixed capital investment and R&D investment are selected to be control variables,inter-industry technology spillover,energy consumption,labor investment and energy structure are selected to be common varialbes.The optimization relusts of the input factors in different type of industry sectors are acquired with the data corresponding to the period 2006-2015 using this optimal control model,and then the optimized results and future directions are analyzed.Finally,the strategies for the transformation and upgrading of China's industry sectors are put forward to guide the decision-making in the process of industry development.Results show as follows:(1)Eco-efficiency of China's industry sectors showed a gradual trend of improvement from 2006 to 2015,however,it was short of momentum,and the effect of science and technology development on improving eco-efficiency was not effective enough.The inefficiency problems of factor input and undesirable output were prominent and input inefficiency was more severe than undesirable output inefficiency.The result of 2015 showed that there were only 2 sectors belonging to the type of low consumption and low emissions,5sectors belonging to the type of high consumption and low emissions,11 sectors belonging to the type of low consumption and high emissions,and 4 sectors belonging to the type of high consumption and high emissions.(2)Among all the influence factors,labor efficiency's elasticity coefficient is the largest,which indicates that the transformation from labor intensive mode to technology intensive mode helps to improve the eco-efficiency.The ratio of fixed capital investment has little effect on the eco-efficiency of overall industry sectors,it has negative effect on low-consumption industry sectors and positive effect on high-consumption industry sectors.The improvement of energy structure and investment in science and technology also plays an important role in ecoefficiency,however,the effect of inter-industry technology spillover is not significant.Industry output is still driven mainly by labor and fixed capital input,both of which have higher elasticity coefficients than R&D investment and energy.China's industry sectors are still in the stage of labor-intensive and investment-driven development,and the transformation and upgrading have not yet been completed.(3)The optimization of factor inputs is an important part of industry transformation and upgrading.Now,the main directions of optimization are to control or reduce fixed capital investment properly,increase R&D investment,promote inter-industry technology spillover,enhance the driving effect of R&D investment on industry output and eco-efficiency,reduce energy consumption and improve energy structure.The focus of high consumption and high emission industry sectors is to enhance the driving effect of R&D investment,and improving the energy structure.For high consumption and low emission industry sectors,the core task is to reduce energy consumption aiming to enhance eco-efficiency.The low consumption and low emission industry sectors can increase fixed capital investment and maintain the balance between R&D investment and fixed capital investment simultaneously.The directions of low consumption and high emission industry sectors are to reduce fixed capital investment,increase R&D investment and improve energy structure.(4)In the future,China's industry sectors should achieve the transformation and upgrading goal of intelligent industry from the two perspectives of economic development and new technology application.Optimal directions of factor inputs should be selected according to the strategy of scientific and technological innovation,the application of new technologies,and self characteristics.The supporting policies mainly include policy guarantee for the elimination of outdated production capacity,the strengthenization of eco-efficiency constraint,the construction of cross-industry scientific and technological innovation network,the promotion of the new momentum creation to realize the transfer of human capital,the change of organizational structure and the innovation of management mode,etc. |
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