| The construction industry is one of the industries opened to the world earlier and wider in China. With the globalization of the construction market, China's construction industry is extending consistently and playing a more and more important role in the national economy. Since 1994 till 2000,60% of China's fixed assets investment was performed through the construction industry. From 2001 to 2003, the average yearly growth rate is over 20% in the total value of construction, particularly, in 2003, the total value was increased 24.6% year on year up to 6.9% of GDP, i.e. 818.13 billion RMB. More significantly, the construction industry has put more than 30 million surplus labors from rural areas into job market, and become an important element which is greatly influencing some regions'economic growth and farmers'income. In 2005, the number of China's construction enterprises had reached 48688, and their total output in proportion to GDP had become the highest since the founding of the People's Republic of China, taking the fourth place only after industry, agriculture and commerce. So far, the construction industry has been helping to boost national economic growth, facilitate the development of related industries, better city appearances and improve people's living conditions.However, with the continuous expansion of construction market, the utilization rate of construction output value is falling. Since 1978, the construction market has been gradually expanded; the construction value has been increased 20 times up to 34.74579 trillion Yuan, 19.7% up than the previous year, and the completed output value was increased 10.018 trillion Yuan up to 22.07296 trillion,8.9% up, calculating as per comparable prices,11.9% up. But the output utilization rate was decreased to 2.6% from 2.7% of the previous year. With the more and fiercer competition situation in construction market, the integrated capacity in construction industry is decreasing. In 2003, of 225 largest international construction companies in the world, China accounts for 47 (incl.3 of Hongkong and Taiwan), about 20% of the total, but the turnover for international projects only reaches 5% of the global total. With the promotion of the new "integrated management mode" in international construction industry, China's construction management is being gradually integrated but the construction units is becoming decentralized. In China, most of state-run construction enterprises have been transformed to nongovernmental enterprises and the major labor force are surplus rural labors. At present, technical and management requirements are improved, but the enterprise management level and worker's average ability are falling, thus, China's construction industry is being troubled by the problems such as low industry concentration, small scale, poor techniques, over competition etc. Until 2005, quality problems still occur from time to time, construction profits didn't get better yet, especially for state-run construction enterprises. Referring to the advanced management experience of international enterprises, this article analyzes and studies the situation and characteristics of the construction industry in China.According to the gradually fierce competition conditions, the demands of clients are changing; traditional project management mode will not fulfill the requirement of market environment. By making an analogy between the manufacturing industry and the construction industry, bringing the experienced and effective management mode of "supply chain" used in manufacturing into the construction industry, a conclusion was drawn that the general contracting enterprises play a core role in the management of "supply chain", which is based on demands for the construction industry, namely, "demands chain"In the aspects of study methods and verification for "supply chain" management:"model technologies" are adopted, which, according to its complex degree, include linear model, nonlinear model and random model etc. except for using the most optimized methods of system dynamics and operations analysis, SCM also widely adopts distributed database technology and inter-network geographical information system technology. During evaluating and studying "supply chain", the methods used by many scholars, such as "Deng TOPSIS Option", HHP Gradation Analysis", "Customer Demands Evaluation", "DEA Data Inclusion Analysis" etc., are applied to help conduct study. In the meantime, in order to make sure that the optimized type of "supply chain" is applied, the "explanation structure model" is creatively used to analyze and study the construction "supply chain".Used Optimization control to subject study, made a deep study for the stock problems in assembly and production by using a dynamic planning method for the two conflicted nodes in the "supply chain" of production and stock. Worked out the integrated strategy based on the network and construction by applying network information technology and virtual technology, probe how to set up models for the construction industry in project contracting and subcontracting, materials procurement, stock, and transportation etc. under the environment of "supply chain" management. Analyzed and tested the coordinating model for procurement, stock and transportation for the construction workers. Set up the optimized model for construction "supply chain" management, and suggested that China's construction enterprises should manage the "supply chain" through its management organization, and the large-sized construction project should be managed by project management companies or "supply chain" management companies which are independent from the members of the "supply chain" system. In the aspect of studying the selection of cooperation partners, used the theory and method of artificial intelligence to select suppliers and/or vendors. Pointed out that selecting cooperation partners under the condition of "supply chain" is to improve the entire competition ability of the "supply chain", and the evaluation for cooperation partners is the basis for making cooperation relationship of the "supply chain". Studied and tested the function of clients, core enterprises, the selection of vendors and cooperation partners, in the management of "supply chain". Illustrated the steps to realize cooperative partnership:?Ascertain if it is necessary to set up a cooperative partnership from strategic perspectives of the enterprise.?make sure of the criteria of selecting cooperative partners, evaluate potential candidate enterprises.?formally set up a partnership.?maintain and perfect cooperative partnership, verify that the relationship is applicable. Bringing the management system of "supply chain" into construction projects is beneficial for forming a common interest basis, entirely optimizing the project construction process, decreasing construction cost, finally increasing the interests of each member of the organization and satisfying most of the interest-related members.In the aspect of information circulation of "supply chain", along with the rapid development and application of information technology, information has become the carrier among organization members and for communication and coordination among different sectors. The "supply chain" of the enterprise is in face of the variable market environment, the personalization requirement for final users and the response speed requirement for demands. Study characteristics of the "supply chain" based on the time competition environment:under such a market competition environment with an increased non-determinacy, the response speed of the entire "supply chain" and the flexibility of the system should be the most prominent characteristic of the "supply chain" under such competition environment. According to the carrier and characteristics foresaid, a theory of agility comes out. The theory is an important element for organizing the "supply chain" under a time competition environment. Analyze the agility for the "supply chain", illustrate that the "supply chain" has four distinguishable characteristics, i.e. market sensitivity,virtual capability, coordination ability among cooperative partners and being able to utilize each partner's core advantages. Provide significant technologies for realizing this agility, information technology, strategy of combining agility and accuracy, delay strategy, coordination system etc. make examples for the characteristics of this theory and its promotion and application of technological conditions. Point out the real important function for applying the theory of "the fourth-party materials circulation center (4PL)" does not lie in the entire innovation system of the virtual "supply chain". Suggest the three characteristics of the innovation system are: virtualization, flexibility, coordination. By implementing and verifying the "supply chain" management in some enterprises respectively characteristic of design, manufacturing and construction, and by analyzing and comparing the management mode of the "supply chain" implemented by internationalized large project management, further studied for construction "supply chain" management models, brought forward by verifications the "activities integration" among the four integrations, the "shut-off effect" of the four effects, of the "supply chain" management, and put forward some problems and conclusions about "net revenue maximum goals" for supply chain management, management companies for managing the "supply chain". Believe that realizing the "supply chain" management in China's construction industry is not only applicable but also of great importance, implementation experiences were innovatively accumulated in the construction "supply chain" management., further contributing to the higher construction management level. |
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