CONTENT ANALYSIS OF 'PEOPLE'S DAILY' EDITORIALS AND RESEARCH PAPERS, 1949-1981: KUHN'S MODEL OF SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMATIC REVOLUTIONS APPLIED TO THE SOCIALIZATION OF SCIENTISTS IN CHINA. (VOLUMES I AND II)

This dissertation examines the socialization of scientists in China with respect to their research ideologies and provides a theoretical interpretation of cross-paradigm communication. The basic questions asked concerning the socialization of scientists are: (1) What was the research ideology of scientists in 1949? (2) What was the nature of the socialization forces during 1949 to 1981? (3) What were the socialization effects during 1949 to 1981?;The following answers are obtained. First, scientists in 1949 adhered to a positivist research ideology. Second, when Maoists were in power, socialization forces, brought to bear by a combination of mass, folk, and personal media, worked for a shift in the research ideology of scientists. Third, there was a significant shift away from the positivist research ideology during the Cultural Revolution. Researchers in the biological sciences and clinical medicine were socialized to a significantly greater extent than those of the physical sciences in two categories: moral incentives and leadership of Mao. However, a scientific revolution in China was aborted, due largely to a lack of exemplary scientific achievements belonging to the Maoist paradigm. Only three percent of research papers in the Chinese Medical Journal and seven percent of research papers in Scientia Sinica during the latter part of the Cultural Revolution (1973-1976) manifest credible "conversion" to the Maoist paradigm by using Maoist cosmology to guide research. After the Cultural Revolution, scientists shifted back to the positivist paradigm.;The model of cross-paradigm communication, derived from the writings of Thomas Kuhn and Michael Mulkay, explains and gives coherence to the information and data regarding the socialization of scientists in China.;The questions are answered by means of literature research, and content analysis of People's Daily editorials, Chinese Medical Journal, and Scientia Sinica. The principal categories of content analysis are: Maoist cosmology, reliance on the masses, moral versus material incentives, folk science, and leadership of Mao.