| The present research is motivated by an interest in exploring the critical success factors in implementing DE. This study applies three data gathering techniques in an embedded multiple case study design which includes 104 student participants across 7 different courses. Using the Repertory Grid technique, data is collected on the attributes participants use to conceptualize DE scenarios. Using a questionnaire, subjective data on participants' attitude and opinion is gathered. And lastly a discourse analysis of the class dialogue is performed to analyze participation.; The data are analyzed in order to answer a set of research questions that probe the differences between participants' opinions, conceptual models and participation patterns in asynchronous and synchronous learning context.; The results indicate a complex relationship between participation and satisfaction. Synchronous students participated in class discourse more but were less satisfied with the DE experience than asynchronous students. They also perceived greater barriers to interaction than asynchronous students, and they ranked smooth operation of technology as the top critical success factor. Participants involved in asynchronous classes were more positive of DE than those involved in synchronous classes. They participated less in class dialogue and yet they rank the instructors skill in generating interaction as the number one critical success factor.; The analysis of the Repertory Grid data revealed that participants classify DE scenarios in terms of the interaction modality supported, for example, listening, speaking, seeing or text communication. This is in contrast to the common classifications of DE represented in the literature that are based largely on technological differences, such as 1-way, 2-way communication or real-time versus delayed communication. The data also indicated that participants conceptualize DE scenarios in terms of four attribute types; responsiveness, structure, interactivity and anomie/community. These attributes may prove useful to designers and researchers in specifying potent research variables. |
