Design and Development of a Palatal Rugae based Biometric Identification System

Background: In the field of forensic odontology, palatal rugae plays a promising role in extracting identifications. The advantage of using 3D images of the palatal rugae is the accurate measurement results. Furthermore, the multi-shapes abstraction of the palatal rugae makes it easier to handle and analyze for the purpose of auto-shape-detection in the future. In doing so all the currently recognized criteria of biometrics science will be fulfilled in order to consider the palatal rugae recognition as one of the novel biometric technology.;Design: An intra-oral scan images used to get a 3D model replica of the upper jaw to come up with a set of biometrical features for use in classification and detection.;Methods: The study consists of 24 subjects, 12 males and 12 females, which are used to validate the workflow of the biometrics based identification extraction model by using only one palatal rugae; The first right palatal rugae (FRPR). The identification sequence is a result of the concatenation of both shape and measurements for the FRPR.;Results: Palatal Rugae Identification Extraction Model (PRIEM) facilitated by two main inputs. Shape analysis and measurement analysis. The shape analysis investigates the incisive papilla as a landmark as will as a classification for the palatal rugae shapes. Moreover, the first right palatal rugae is conducted to be the only one used to extract the identification rather than going through the whole palate. The measurement analysis conducted the middle point of the incisive papilla to use it as a landmark position for other measurements. A zero matches were found in this study indicating that the FRPR pattern is unique and applicable to use as a biometrics based identification.;Objectives: To investigate the unique features of the palatal rugae's shapes and measurements and use it to establishing a landmark for extracting biometrics based identification.;Conclusion: The study estimated the uniqueness of the FRPR pattern by three ways: uniqueness of PR as a biometrics based identification, the uniqueness of FRPR-shape pattern, and the accuracy of palatal pattern measurement in 3D. The use of FRPR is simplify the way of extracting the palatal rugae identification.