| As an important episode in Mongolian history, the Mongolian independence movement of 1911 has been largely neglected and generally treated only in relation to international politics. This dissertation aims both to reconstruct a satisfactory narrative history of the movement and to explain its development.; The main body of the dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter one provides readers with the historical background of the submission of Mongolia to the Manchus, Manchu policy toward Mongolia, and Mongolian society during the Ch'ing period. Chapter two describes the change of Manchu policy in Mongolia, the initiation of the independence movement, and the historical context of the movement. Chapter three deals with the Mongolian military campaign in Uliyasutai and Khobdo, and Outer Mongolia's relations with Russia and China before the conclusion of the Sino-Russian declaration in November 1913. Chapter four, which describes Urga's military campaign in Inner Mongolia in 1913 and the response of Barga and Tangnu Uriyangkhai to the movement, demonstrates that the Mongolian independence movement was a Pan-Mongolian endeavor. Chapter five examines the tripartite conference of Kyakhta in 1915, the Inner Mongols' attitude toward the independence movement, and the resistance of Babuujab, who refused to accept the relinquishment of Mongolian independence.; The conclusion examines the development of the movement in general. It is argued that the Mongolian independence movement of 1911 had laid the foundation of the Mongols' later success in establishing an internationally recognized independent country, and that the movement also served as a powerful educational means leading to a subsequent rise of Mongolian nationalism. |
