| This research project has the cherished aim to extract “value” or “materials” from daily waste products such as fruit peels, tea residues and wilted flower petals, and change them into a form that can be applied to the textile industry. These new materials do not contain any harmful substances that will affect the environment and threaten the existence of human lives.; The research study has established an effectively simplified method for the extraction of “green” dyes from the commonly waste products, i.e. fruit peels, Chinese tea and flower petals. The optimum extraction parameters including the solvent selection, “green” dye concentration, temperature and time have been investigated. The selected materials were divided into two categories. One type was water-soluble such as Chinese tea and flower petal which required water for extraction. The other type was water-insoluble such as fruit peels which required solvent for extraction. The extraction methodology depended on the physical properties of the “green” dyes and their inherited chromophore systems.; Furthermore, the thermodynamic behaviours of “green” dyes on wool fabric have been investigated including (1) the standard affinity and enthalpy change in dyeing process, (2) the dyeing mechanism between colorants and fibre surface, and (3) the time of half-dyeing and the activation energy required for the “green” dye to diffuse into the fabric.; The next investigation was focused on maximising the absorption of “green” dye by wool fabric under optimum dyeing conditions. In the first part of the experiment, mathematical models have been developed using an experimental design approach named “Response Surface Methodology”. The mathematical models could illustrate the relationships between the uptake of different “green” dyes by wool fabric and different dyeing parameters including dye concentration, pH value, temperature, time and Glauber salt concentration. The optimum wool dyeing conditions for “green” dyes could be calculated from the mathematical models through mathematical approach.; The second part of experiment was aimed at improving the absorption behaviour of “green” dyes on wool fabrics. Two commonly wasted “green” mordants derived from eggshell and ginger were used. Furthermore, the conventional methods of using heavy metal mordants such as alum, potassium dichromate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and tannic acid in the dyeing of wool fabric were compared with the newly developed “green” mordants. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)... |
