Novel measurement and production of commercially important bovine lipids

The potential of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to determine and identify spinal cord in ground beef was investigated. The FTIR and NIR spectra were obtained for ground beef adulterated with spinal cord. Spinal cord content was determined with partial least squares (PLS) models developed with the absorbance FTIR spectra and the second derivative NIR spectra. The FTIR/PLS and NIR/PLS models predicted spinal cord content with high accuracy with detection limits of 23 and 21 ppm, respectively. The FTIR and NIR models correctly identified spinal cord containing samples 87% and 90% of the time, respectively. The phosphate and amide chemical groups were found to correlate positively with spinal cord in the FTIR model. The spinal cord adulteration in ground beef can be simply and rapidly determined by the FTIR and NIR spectroscopy.; The production of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer acid from soy oil by photoisomerization was investigated. Soy oil with iodine, as a photosensitizer was exposed to the high intensity visible light. Esterified conjugated linoleic acid isomers of the soy oil were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The degree of lipid oxidation was determined by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A concentration of 0.6% of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and 0.6% of trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers were produced with 0.25% iodine 84 hours of irradiation. The CLA isomers were not produced in the absence of iodine. No lipid oxidation was observed throughout the photoisomerization process. The CLA isomers can be simply and inexpensively produced in soy oil by photoisomerization.