| A class of RC active filters in which the DC offset of the operational amplifier (op-amp) is completely absent from the filter output [1]. Individual filter configurations (Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Band Stop, All Pass) are discussed and corresponding transfer functions are defined. The effects of op-amp gain bandwidth product on filter responses are accounted for and presented in a table.;Step-by-step design procedures are given for most common filter configurations. Sample filters are designed based on chosen values for critical frequency o 0 and filter quality factor Q. Filter schematics are captured and their frequency responses are simulated using circuit simulation software. Sample filters are built and their frequency responses are confirmed using a network analyzer. Extension to higher order filters is discussed and demonstrated.;In order to understand the upper limit of dynamic responses, maximum signal magnitude and corresponding frequency of maximum magnitude are calculated. The effects of noise generating components are defined and included, thus establishing the lower limit of dynamic responses for all filter configurations. |
