Cadre de planification de la chaine logistique base sur la representation des procedes pour l'amelioration de la rentabilite de l'industrie des pates et papiers

The main objective of this project was to demonstrate the benefits, for a commodity-product industry such as P&P, of a margin-centric approach that incorporates production capability in SC planning problems. More specifically, this study aimed to show the value of incorporating process knowledge for SC decision making by (1) using a multidisciplinary cost modeling approach reflecting the impact on cost of the process conditions at the mill, (2) applying advanced decision support tools to better manage the fibre SC in P&P and finally, (3) incorporating the manufacturing flexibility at the mill as a "tool" for managing the SC. To this end, the research project was carried out using a case study defined in close collaboration with an industrial partner. The case study consists of the fibre procurement, production and distribution/demand cycles of an existing high-yield market pulp mill.;First, a multi-scale on-line planning approach, which fits the actual decision-making processes by taking into account their dynamic nature and the decision levels, was developed. At the higher level, an aggregate capacity planning model helps to find, given the available forecasts, the optimal balance between fibre supply and demand throughout the year. At the lower level, a campaign planning and order scheduling model helps to maximize short-term profitability given the SC capability and supply and demand orders. The results obtained show that the common heuristics typically used are only valid for specific business environments and that, in this context, alternative approaches based on the use of decision-support tools should be considered.;Second, a method has been proposed to structure and analyze key process and cost data and to develop a bottom-up cost model providing more transparent information for the evaluation of cost drivers. An operations-driven cost model, which emphasizes the analysis of the links between resources, process activities and cost objects (ABC-like), improves the traceability of the direct manufacturing costs in P&P. The results obtained show that, compared to traditional cost accounting methods used at the mill, the proposed approach allows for better characterization of the cost structure of the mill, based on various process conditions that affect the use of resources.;Thirdly, the potential benefits of a margin-centric approach have been demonstrated. For this, two management strategies, elaborated in collaboration with the industrial partner, were considered: the first consists of varying the production capacity at the mill in order to reach a more profitable alignment between production and demand, and the second consists of exploiting the manufacturing flexibility at the mill (based on chips input ratios) in order to support more effective fibre supply procurement. Given the importance of the trade-offs between the mill and the SC performances, these margin-centric approaches have been addressed by combining the cost modeling and SC planning techniques discussed earlier. The results obtained show that, contrary to production-centric and recipe-based management practices, a better representation of the mill's operations at the SC level facilitates the implementation of more profitable strategies that better exploit the process capability in the context of the SC.;Based on the research work carried out, three main contributions have been identified: (1) A SC planning framework that ensures, through an analytical approach to exploiting the lower-level process data in a business context, the adequate representation of the manufacturing cycle within the SC and allows the P&P industry to benefit from a margin-centric SCM approach; (2) A SC decision support tool for the tactical and operational planning in P&P, helping decision makers to better evaluate the trade-offs and manage the complexity related to the effective coordination of the fibre SC, according to the business environment; (3) An operations-driven cost modeling approach that, given its emphasis on the process perspective as a source of costs in continuous manufacturing environments, improves the characterization of direct costs as a function of the operating conditions in P&P mills. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)...