| Women leaders and the perceived associated styles of leadership are studied in this mixed-method empirical research. This study examined the leadership characteristics of Chinese, Chinese-American, and American women expatriates in China and provided a comparative analysis of the three groups which culminated in distinct similarities and differences. The Women As Managers Scale was used to understand how women view themselves as a leader. The Culture Perspectives Questionnaire, version 8 (CPQ-8) was also used to determine cultural influence. As part of the literature review, a brief history of China, the women's movement in the United States, Chinese-American women, the All-Chinese Women's Federation and culture influences is addressed. The cities of Shanghai and Suzhou, China were used for this mixed-method study which focused on the automotive industry. Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), revealed that culture did have statistical significance influence on leadership. Through the use of General Linear data, similarities between Chinese and Chinese-Americans as it related to time orientation and collectiveness were uncovered. The data also suggested that American women working in multinational corporations in China were not impacted by cultural norms and values of the countries where they were employed. |
