Research On The Safety Of Chinese Government Procurement Under The Framework Of GPA

The Government Procurement Agreement(GPA)is a plurilateral trade agreement under the jurisdiction of the WTO.It is voluntarily signed by all parties to promote the liberalization and internationalization of government procurement.China joined the GPA to fulfill its commitments to the WTO.Since submitting its application for joining the GPA to the WTO at the end of 2007,China has submitted six bid lists.At the opening ceremony of 2018 annual conference in Boao Forum for Asia,President Xi Jinping announced to the world that he would accelerate the process of joining the GPA of the World Trade Organization.Government procurement as an important part of fiscal expenditure has been used as a non-tariff trade barrier to protect the domestic economy.Joining GPA will be a double-edged sword.While providing Chinese enterprises with access to the international government procurement market,it also means that they will face security threats such as government procurement information disclosure,government procurement market segmentation and government procurement function weakening.With the acceleration of GPA,the importance of ensuring the safety of government procurement has become increasingly prominent.However,the existing government procurement security studies at home and abroad are somewhat single and lack of systematical,so it is urgent to conduct an in-depth study on the impact of GPA on the existing government procurement security.Therefore,this study takes national overall security concept as the instruction,which put forword by Xing Jinping,General Secretary of China.It sets forth in the depth of government procurement security connotation and government procurement security dimensions,designs within the framework of the GPA government procurement security measure index system,analyzes the influence of the government procurement security mechanism,trying to construct the Chinese government procurement security mechanism under GPA framework based on system perspective.Following the basic idea of Theory of Interpretation The Empirical Test-Countermeasure Exploration,this article uses the micro survey data of the safe operation of the Chinese government procurement in the framework of GPA,the national level,provincial level and industry level of macro statistical data,the data of WTO's official website,the OECD national accounts data,the data of China top 100 multinational corporations issued by China Enterprise Confederation and Entrepreneurs Association,the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)data,and China's government procurement website published information and so on.Comprehensive use of literature analysis method,legal text comparison method,investigation and interview method,case analysis method,multiple regression analysis,simultaneous equation model and other methods,to carry out a systematic study of Chinese government procurement security under the GPA framework,the main contents and conclusions are as follows:First,it defines the connotation of government procurement security,explains the composition and internal logic of government procurement security.On the basis of the exploratory of the security and the concept of government purchase,it exploratoryly defines government procurement security as that the government procurement subject in the process of implementation of government procurement behavior can effectively eliminate the potential risks,and resist external shocks,so as to ensure that government procurement function goal are not Injured and objectively achieved to the maximum extent possible under the condition of open government procurement market.Safety is the nature of the maintenance of government procurement related interests.The interests of the relevant multidimensional demands attribute determines that the safety of government procurement must be a cover multi-dimensional target architecture,and summarized the existing research,on the basis of the government procurement security subdivided into government procurement system,market and policy security function,and has carried on the theory explanation to this segment.Secondly,this paper systematically combs the development of Chinese government procurement,and tries to comprehensively investigate the objective state of Chinese government procurement.At the institutional level,the government procurement law and regulation system,the procurement management system with separate production and management,and the whole chain procurement supervision system have been preliminarily established.Sourcing in the market level,total scale continuous growth,three types of goods,services,and engineering projects are following an upward trend in the total procurement.Procurement structure is increasingly reasonable,and it has initially formed the combination of centralized procurement and decentralized procurement mode,set up a diversified procurement method based on bidding,including competitive negotiation and inquiry.In practice,a functional system of government procurement policy has been established to combat corruption and promote integrity,protect the environment,support underdeveloped areas and minority areas,and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.Third,the safety evaluation index system of government procurement is constructed,and the safety impact faced by Chinese government procurement under the GPA framework is depicted by using this index,and the causes of the impact are also analyzed.The safety evaluation of government procurement is different before and after GPA.Before GPA,it is the predictive evaluation of the security impact faced by government procurement,while after GPA,it is the monitoring of the safety degree of government procurement.Before joining GPA,the security of government procurement system is mainly characterized by the difference or even conflict between the core provisions of the domestic government procurement system and GPA regulation.The security of government procurement market is measured by three secondary indexes,degree of nominal openness,degree of local preference and international competitiveness,as well as 10 tertiary indexes.The security of government procurement function is mainly characterized by the policy space of GPA regulation and the exclusion of government procurement policy function from China's bid list.Based on this,the predictive evaluation of the security impact faced by government procurement before GPA is conducted.It is found that there are great differences between China's government procurement system and GPA in terms of value objectives,basic principles,scope of adaptation,procurement mode and relief system.The degree of nominal openness of government procurement is high,the degree of local preference is low,and the international competitiveness of the industry,especially the service industry,is far from GPA contracting parties.The reasons for the above security impact mainly include the gap between China's government procurement system and GPA,uneven opportunities for market opening,limited space for government procurement policy functions,shortage of government procurement professionals,and weak awareness of Chinese goods.To monitor the safety degree of government procurement after joining GPA,this study constructs a set of index system,including 3 second-level indexes and 13 third-level indexes,including complaint rate of foreign suppliers,etc.,and gives weight to each index based on AHP method according to expert evaluation.Fourth,an exploratory theoretical model of the factors affecting the safety of government procurement is established,and an empirical test is carried out by using micro-survey data.On the basis of sorting out and summarizing the existing research results at home and abroad,this paper expounds the influencing factors of government procurement system safety,market safety and functional safety,as well as the inherent logic relations of the three kinds of safety,and innovatively constructs the influencing factor model of government procurement safety.Restricted by data,this study constructs multiple regression and simultaneous equation models using self-investigated microscopic data,and conducts empirical analysis on the influencing factors,mechanism and interaction of various dimensions of government procurement security.Research findings:(1)improving laws and regulations on government procurement,clear responsibilities of the main body of government procurement,a sound supplier constraint mechanism and a standard government procurement process are conducive to improving the safety of the government procurement system.(2)the international competitiveness of enterprises,the electronic level of government procurement,the policy function system of government procurement,China's independent innovation ability,and the detailed level of government procurement of GPA contracting parties have a positive impact on the security of government procurement market.(3)government procurement function objectives,implementation rules,responsible department setting of policy functions and performance evaluation system of policy functions all have significant positive effects on the safety of government procurement policy functions.(4)government procurement market security and institutional security,institutional security and functional security,market security and policy functional security all have a two-way linkage.Except for the negative impact of policy functional security on market security,all of them have a positive impact.(5)the three kinds of security interaction influence relations are obviously different in different regions;The institutional security and policy functional security of the three regions in the east,the middle and the west have a two-way positive influence,but the influence of the central region is greater than that of the eastern and western regions.Market security in the east,central and western regions has a positive impact on policy functional security,which is not significant.The policy functional security has a positive impact on market security in western region,while the policy functional security has a negative impact on market security in eastern and central region.(5)for whether or not to be included in the GPA bid list,the adjustment effect of inclusion in the GPA bid list on institutional security,market security and functional security is greater than that of regions not included in the GPA bid list.Finally,the government procurement security system integrating system,market and function is constructed.Take overall national security concept by Xing Jingping as a guide,to join the GPA of the Chinese government procurement security impact,combined with government procurement safety factors affecting the empirical conclusion,on the basis of the advanced experience of GPA parties.In order to achieve the government procurement safety overall goal,suggestion: at the system level,need to set up the value of the government procurement system target concept,perfect the government procurement laws and regulations,standardize management of the government procurement process,to participate in the international procurement regulation of say.At the market level,we need to adjust the bidding strategy,be careful about the bidding range of state-owned enterprises,actively participate in the international government procurement market competition,accumulate experience in international procurement,and improve the transnational operation ability of enterprises.At the policy function level,we will continue to adjust the policy function based on problems,improve the implementation rules of government procurement,and restore the policy function of government procurement technology innovation.In addition,the security of government procurement is inseparable from international government procurement professionals.