Two-way Intellectual Property Protection And Quality Change Of Export Products

At present,China’s economy is in the "new normal" stage,"has changed from the high-speed growth stage to the high-quality development",and the realization of high-quality economic development is inseparable from the high-quality development of trade.The quality improvement of enterprises’ export products is an important aspect of the high-quality development of trade;at the same time,the current strict international background also urgently needs Chinese enterprises to build new trade advantages by improving the quality of export products.Intellectual property protection is an important institutional factor affecting the quality of enterprises’ products.How to promote enterprises innovating,improving the quality of export products and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises through the design of domestic intellectual property protection system from the perspective of two-way intellectual property protection is very important to achieve high-quality development of trade.The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly,based on the database of China Customs,accurately measuring the quality of export products by the method of demand residuals;secondly,based on the GP index,constructing the level of domestic intellectual property protection and the level of foreign intellectual property protection faced by enterprises;thirdly,the two-way intellectual property protection is introduced into the model of product quality innovation selection of enterprises,and construct the micro-mechanism that affects the quality of export products,sort out the main channels,and discuss the difference impacts of two-way intellectual property protection changes on the quality of export products in different situations;fourthly,use the Chinese micro enterprises data to test the two-way intellectual property protection the impact of protection on the quality of enterprises’ export products and the sources of heterogeneity,to test the channel differences of domestic and foreign intellectual property protection;fifthly,to consider the impact of the two-way intellectual property protection gap on the quality of enterprises’ export products.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: First,both domestic and foreign intellectual property protection will promote the quality of export products.Theoretical analysis shows that the enhancement of two-way intellectual property protection will significantly affect the innovation behavior of enterprises,and then affect the entry threshold of domestic industries and foreign markets,and promote the optimal allocation of resources among and within enterprises,thus affecting the quality of export products.The empirical test shows that the enhancement of two-way intellectual property protection will significantly improve the quality of export products of enterprises,and the impact of domestic intellectual property protection on the quality of export products is greater;the heterogeneity analysis shows that domestic intellectual property protection has a significant impact on all enterprises,and on capital intensive enterprises,general trade enterprises,enterprises in the central and western regions and high quality enterprises has a greater impact,while the protection of foreign intellectual property rights only has a significant impact on labor-intensive enterprises,processing trade enterprises,enterprises in the eastern region and low-quality product enterprises.Considering the industrial innovation intensity,we find that the industrial innovation density will enlarge the promotion effect of domestic intellectual property protection on the quality of export products.Second,two-way intellectual property protection mainly affects the quality of export products through four channels.Theoretical analysis shows that there are four channels for two-way intellectual property protection to affect the quality of export products: innovation incentive effect,quality selection effect,inter enterprise resource allocation effect and intra enterprise resource allocation effect.The empirical test shows that there are some differences between domestic and foreign intellectual property protection channels that affect the quality of enterprises’ export products.Domestic intellectual property protection mainly affects the quality of enterprises’ export products through innovation incentive effect,inter enterprise resource allocation effect and intra enterprise resource allocation effect;foreign intellectual property protection mainly affects the quality of enterprises’ export products through quality selection effect,inter enterprise resource allocation effect and The effect of resource allocation in enterprises affects the quality of export products.Further analysis of the innovation incentive effect shows that: domestic intellectual property protection plays a greater role in promoting the innovation of utility model and invention patent,but a smaller role in promoting the innovation of appearance design;at the same time,the innovation of utility model and invention patent plays the most obvious role in improving the quality of export products,while the innovation of appearance design plays a smaller role in improving the quality of export products. Third,dynamic analysis shows that the short-term and long-term impact of domestic intellectual property protection is not the same as that of foreign intellectual property protection.The dynamic analysis of the overall impact shows that both domestic and foreign intellectual property protection have lag effect on the quality of enterprises’ export products;the dynamic analysis of innovation incentive effect shows that domestic intellectual property protection has innovation incentive effect no matter in the short term or in the long term,so as to drive the resource allocation effect between and within enterprises and promote the quality of enterprises’ export products However,there is no innovation incentive effect in the protection of foreign intellectual property rights in the short term,mainly through the quality selection effect,to promote the quality of export products of enterprises.In the long term,there is an innovation mechanism for the protection of foreign intellectual property rights,which will force enterprises to improve the quality of export products and enhance their trade competitiveness through innovation.Fourth,considering the two-way gap of intellectual property protection,the enhancement of domestic intellectual property protection has a marginal diminishing effect on the quality improvement effect of enterprises’ export products,which generally shows an inverted U-shaped relationship.With the enhancement of foreign intellectual property protection,the inverted U-shaped curve moves to the right.The empirical analysis shows that the two-way gap of intellectual property protection has two effects on the quality of export products of enterprises.On the one hand,the gap will significantly inhibit the quality of export products of enterprises;on the other hand,the gap will significantly enlarge the efficiency of domestic intellectual property protection.As the gap expands,the impact of domestic intellectual property protection on the quality of export products of enterprises will be enhanced It will be greater,so as to improve the efficiency of domestic intellectual property protection.Therefore,on the whole,there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the impact of domestic intellectual property protection on the quality of export products of enterprises.With the enhancement of foreign intellectual property protection,the inverted U-shaped curve moves to the right.Fifth,due to the different mechanism behind the two-way protection of intellectual property rights affecting the quality of export products,the enhancement of domestic intellectual property protection will enhance the trade competitiveness of enterprises,while the enhancement of foreign intellectual property protection will weaken the trade competitiveness of enterprises.Theoretical analysis shows that: for the products that have entered the export market,the enhancement of domestic intellectual property protection will promote the enterprises to realize the continuous improvement of product quality through innovation,enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises,and increase the export volume of enterprises;for the products that have not entered the export market,with the enhancement of domestic intellectual property protection,the quality of the export products of enterprises will be improved,so that they would not have export originally Competitive products meet the market entry conditions of export destination countries,increase the types of export products of enterprises,and enhance the trade competitiveness of enterprises through quantitative expansion and type expansion.However,the enhancement of foreign intellectual property protection will eliminate domestic low-quality products,reduce the types and total exports of domestic export commodities,and weaken the trade competitiveness of domestic commodities through the effect of quality selection.Empirical test shows that: the enhancement of domestic intellectual property protection will indeed increase the types of products and total exports that enterprises participate in;while the enhancement of foreign intellectual property protection will reduce the types and total exports of domestic enterprises and weaken their trade competitiveness.