Research On The Impact Of Social Security System On Corporate Behavior

In the context of the ever-increasing population aging and the comprehensive reform of the social security system,exploring the impact of the social insurance system on corporate behavior will help us to more comprehensively understand the multiple effects of the social security system and provide reasonable explanations,predictions and guidance on economic behaviors,so as to provide experience and policy guidance for China's supply-side structural reforms and larger-scale tax and fee reduction measures,and also help the government better balance the relationship between social security and enterprises development,and provides support for the optimization of social security policies and the introduction of related supporting measures.Based on institutional economics theory,social insurance theory and corporate tax avoidance theory,this paper focuses on theoretical and empirical research around the social insurance system and corporate response behavior,focusing on the cost transfer mechanism and potential impact of enterprises under the social insurance regulation.By constructing the corresponding theoretical framework and comprehensively reviewing China's insurance system,this paper focuses on empirical analysis about the effect of reform of the social insurance collection system on corporate social security compliance,the transfer of social security costs,social insurance contributions and TFP.The research indicates:(1)After the social insurance contribution collection agency was adjusted from the social security agency to local tax department,the level of compliance of the enterprise's social security has improved,indicating that the reform of the social insurance contribution collection system has improved the social security fund incomeand the compliance of the enterprise.But it also means that the cost and burden of the enterprise will be increased.Further mechanism analysis found that the impact of the social security collection system reform on the degree of enterprise 's social security compliance is mainly achieved by affecting the intensity of social security collection agency,After comparing the differences in the effects of two social insurance collection reform.,we found that because the full collection collection model of the tax department gives the tax department more complete power functions,it has a more comprehensive grasp of corporate information,and has stronger institutional incentives,so it is better.Due to the difference in the degree of social security compliance,the impact of the reform of social security collection system on the participation behavior of enterprises is heterogeneous,and its impact on the degree of social security compliance of non-state-owned enterprises,small-scale enterprises,low wages,and labor-intensive enterprises is more obviously,this means that the reform of the social security collection system will significantly increase the labor costs of these enterprises.(2)Based on the micro-database of industrial enterprises and the database of collection system reform at the prefecture-level city level,this paper further uses the reform of the social insurance collection system in Yunnan and Zhejiang Provinces as a quasi-natural experiment,and examines the labor cost impact caused by the reform of the social security collection system and the potential social security transfer of enterprises,it was found that the reform of the social security collection system led to an increase in the actual contribution rate of enterprises,which in turn prompted companies to transfer labor costs by reducing employee wages and other means.This paper found that this transfer behavior was only found in corporate wages.There is no obvious squeeze on the scale of enterprise employment.Through heterogeneity analysis,it is found that the transfer effect of social insurance contributions is moreobvious in non-state-owned enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises.(3)Finally,based on the industrial enterprise database from 2004 to 2007 and the national tax survey database from 2008 to 2011,we examines the impact of corporate social security contributions on total factor productivity(TFP).The results found that social insurance contributions have a significant positive impact on the enterprise's TFP.The mechanism of its impact is mainly to encourage the enterprise to increase employee wages and welfare levels and human capital investment,but it generally squeezes out the enterprise's R&D.In the heterogeneity analysis,this article found some conclusions with policy implications: social insurance contributions can effectively increase the TFP of capital-intensive,high-wage enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises,while it has a negative effect on the TFP of labor-intensive,low-wage enterprises,which has no significant effect on state-owned enterprises.This paper combines the theory of social insurance fund-raising,the classic tax evasion theory,the information asymmetry theory,and the existing literature to analyze the social insurance evasion of enterprises under the social insurance regulation by constructing a theoretical framework between the corporate behavior and social insurance regulation.This article deeply analyzes the social security evasion behavior and cost transfer mechanism of enterprises under the regulation of social insurance system,and further discusses the impact mechanism of enterprise social security burden on its TFP.The research helps to better understand and evaluate the changes in corporate behavior and the corresponding economic consequences under social insurance regulations,and also greatly expands the research about institutional economics and theories of policy and micro-firm behavior.