| Total factor productivity is an index to measure the efficiency of economic growth.The change of total factor productivity growth makes model significance for the mode transformation of a region’s economic growth.In recent years,China’s total factor productivity decreases year by year,some scholars believe that the main driving force of China’s economic growth is not technological progress and improvement of technical efficiency,but the continuous increase of capital investment.The risk of low quality and high growth path exists.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China says "We must adhere to quality first,efficiency first,and make the structural reform as the main line,supply side economic development quality,efficiency change,power transformation,and improve the total factor productivity".In this context,facing the complex social and economic environment at home and abroad,how to effectively improve China’s total factor productivity has become an important issue that urgently needs academic research.The research has found that unreasonable factors configuration is the main reason that leading to the decrease of total factor productivity growth in China in recent years.As a basic,pilot and strategic industry in the national economy,transportation industry has a natural guide to rational allocation of factors.Therefore,the study of how to guide to the rational allocation of factors through the traffic infrastructure construction and eventually to promote the increase of total factor productivity has strong practical significance.Although many scholars have studied some related issues about the transportation infrastructure and total factor productivity,however through the analysis of relevant literature both at home and abroad,we found the problem remains to be further in-depth analysis.First of all,the current research on the influence of transportation infrastructure on total factor productivity mostly regards total factor productivity as a single index.However,as a complex system structure,the different part of total factor productivity has the different role,and the acting paths of the transportation infrastructure on the different part are not the same,so it will be misreading to the result of study if we analyze the acting path of transportation infrastructure on total factor productivity singly.Secondly,at present the study on the transportation infrastructure and the total factor productivity issues mostly related to the empirical analysis.However there are not enough theories about action mechanism and theoretical analysis,and there is a large space for research.Firstly,based on the general properties of transportation infrastructure,this paper explains the impact mechanism of transportation infrastructure on total factor productivity by three dimensions of total factor productivity decomposition.This study believes that the first transportation infrastructure can influence technological progress by influencing transportation infrastructure investment,expanding regional market scale,and strengthening regional economic and trade cooperation.Second,transportation infrastructure can strengthen regional economic and trade cooperation and change by promoting factor mobility.The level of regional production factor structure rationalization,enhance the intensity of knowledge spillover between regions,and ultimately affect technical efficiency;Thirdly,the transportation infrastructure can change the scale of regional production factors and regional industrial concentration by reducing the obstacles of factor flow,promoting rational allocation of factors,strengthening regional economic cooperation and promoting regional industrial division,which will ultimately affect the scale efficiency.Secondly,based on the analysis of the acting path,and combining the current situation and characteristics of transportation infrastructure and China’s total factor productivity,this paper carries out the empirical analysis of three influencing mechanisms by scientifically constructing analysis model of intermediary effect,spatial measurement model and panel vector autoregressive model,and this paper comes to the conclusion:(1)The total factor productivity of our country is decreasing and the difference between regions is obvious.During the research period,China’s total factor productivity decreased by 6.3 percentage points,and the low technological progress rate was the main reason hinders the improvement of total factor productivity.From the perspective of time change trend,China’s total factor productivity showed a declining trend as a whole,which was the largest decline in 2008-2009 when the international financial crisis broke out.The pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency show an inverted u-shaped change trend in the overall fluctuation.The peak of pure technical efficiency appeared in 2005,and the peak of scale efficiency appeared in 2008.From the perspective of regional change trend,total factor productivity in the eastern region has a relatively small decline,and has significant advantages in terms of technological progress and pure technical efficiency compared with the central region and the western region.There is little difference between the western region and the central region,and the decrease is relatively small in the western region.(2)The effect of transportation infrastructure on total factor productivity is heterogeneous between railway and road and among the three dimensions after the decomposition of total factor productivity.Specifically,railway plays a positive u-shaped nonlinear role in the overall total factor productivity,technological progress and technical efficiency,but it plays a significant positive linear role in the scale efficiency.The effect of highway on total factor productivity and its decomposition is just opposite to that of railway,which plays an inverted u-shaped nonlinear role in the overall total factor productivity,technological progress and technical efficiency,but plays a positive linear role in scale efficiency.Considering the actual situation of each province,on the basis of existing railway scale and highway scale,continuing to improve the density of transportation infrastructure will have different influences on total factor productivity and its decomposition.Such as Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Shandong,Henan,Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,Sichuan,Yunnan province,improve railway density of 13 provinces,technological progress will promote role,and the provinces except Shanghai highway density ascension will inhibition effect to the promotion of total factor productivity;The improvement of railway density in Xinjiang and Qinghai is not conducive to the improvement of their technical efficiency.The improvement of highway density in Heilongjiang,Gansu,Inner Mongolia,Qinghai and Xinjiang will promote the improvement of technical efficiency.The increase of railway and highway density in each province will promote the improvement of scale efficiency.(3)There are regional differences in the role of railways and highways in technological innovation,flow of production factors and international economic and trade cooperation.Specifically,the increase of railway density in 15 provinces,including Tianjin,Beijing,Shanghai,Liaoning,Hebei,Shandong,Shanxi,Henan,Anhui,Hainan,Jiangsu,Jilin,Fujian,Zhejiang and Jiangxi,will have an adverse impact on the growth of r&d results.The increase of railway density in Tianjin,Beijing and Shanghai will restrain the flow of labor capital.The increase of railway density in provinces other than the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Gansu province,Yunnan province,Sichuan province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region will have a negative effect on capital flows.Highway has positive "U" nonlinear effect on labor factor flow.All provinces except the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Qinghai province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region can promote labor force flow by improving highway density.(4)The empirical test of transport infrastructure on the total productivity path.In this paper,the mediating effect model is used to verify the three action paths of transportation infrastructure on total factor productivity:railway and highway can respectively act on total factor productivity through technological innovation input,and railway can also act on total factor productivity through capital flow.Transportation infrastructure plays a role in technological innovation in the following three ways:railway can play a role in technological progress through technological innovation input;highway can play a role in technological progress through technological innovation input and international trade;There are also three ways for transportation infrastructure to act on technical efficiency:railway ACTS on technical efficiency through labor factor flow and capital factor flow respectively,and highway ACTS on technical efficiency through labor factor flow;There is only one way for transportation infrastructure to act on scale efficiency,that is,highway can act on scale efficiency through international trade.The research contribution of this paper is mainly embodied in the following aspects:(1)Based on the theory of economic growth and the theory of new economic geography,this paper analysis the mechanism of transportation infrastructure construction on TFP,and constructs the corresponding theoretical model to explain.Finally,this paper proposes different influencing mechanisms of the transportation infrastructure on the total factor productivity from three dimensions of the technical progress,the technical efficiency and the scale efficiency,and the study of transportation is supplemented by the theory of economic growth and the theory of new economic geography.(2)In view of the function mechanism characteristic of the transportation infrastructure construction to the total factor productivity different composition,and taking the related theory as the instruction,this paper scientifically selects indicators and data with feasibility.On this basis,this paper constructs intermediary effect model,spatial overflow model and panel vector autoregressive model,and provides reference for the follow-up study.(3)Taking China and each province as the research object,the paper empirically analyzes the influence of different transportation infrastructure on the different dimensions of TFP,and provides a reference for the formulation of a targeted traffic development policy that is operable. |
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