| In the context of the era when the world is moving towards "service economy",the scale and employment of China's service industry are growing rapidly,and it has become the main battlefield of industrial upgrading and innovation in the future.It is bound to assume the responsibility of serving as the main driving force for high-quality development of the national economy.As the international environment is becoming increasingly complex and the international balance of power is undergoing profound adjustment,china has shifted to a stage of high-quality development and is in an important period of strategic opportunities at present and for some time to come,“dual circulation” development pattern puts higher requirements on high-quality development of the service industry.To this end,the Party Central Committee has made a series of major plans.The report to the 19 th National Congress clearly calls for accelerating the development of the service sector,promoting reform in the quality,efficiency and driving force of economic development,and raising total factor productivity(TFP).Therefore,it is of great academic and strategic significance to study how to promote the continuous improvement of TFP in China's service industry.New economic geography points out that the source of economic growth not only comes from the factors emphasized by classical economic theories such as capital,talents and knowledge,but also is closely related to the spatial factors such as geographical location,transportation cost and externality in the heterogeneous real economy.This provides ideas and methods for answering the above questions.As we all know,since the reform and opening up,China's transportation infrastructure construction has made remarkable achievements.As the advance capital of the economy and society,it plays a prominent role in promoting the flow of factors,optimizing industrial layout,expanding market space and other aspects.Therefore,it is a feasible choice to improve the quality and efficiency of the service industry by taking the transportation investment dividend as the starting point,carefully analyzing the spatial law and action mechanism of transportation infrastructure and service industry TFP,supplemented by traditional elements to optimize the production efficiency of service industry.Based on the literature review at home and abroad,scholars have conducted a lot of studies on the impact of transportation infrastructure on TFP,laying a solid foundation for subsequent studies.However,there are still three points worth improving:First,due to the complexity of capital input estimation of urban service industry and the difficulty of obtaining original data,most existing studies focus on the TFP of the whole or the manufacturing industry,and there is a lack of literature on the analysis of the TFP of urban service industry at the mid-level.Secondly,the accuracy of some scholars' measurement of capital input in service industry is questionable,which may lead to the bias of TFP measurement and subsequent empirical analysis of service industry,and thus cannot guarantee the reliability and objectivity of research conclusions.Thirdly,in the literature on the impact of transport infrastructure on TFP of service industry,most of them lack the mechanism analysis of TFP in service industry,and do not consider the spatial interaction of key variables.The analysis based on ordinary econometric model may have some problems,such as model error and biased estimation results.On the basis of the existing research,this paper builds a framework for estimating the comprehensive capital stock of the service industry,investigates the efficiency loss and wear of service assets and equipment in the production process with the age efficiency function,and compares and analyzes the wealth total capital stock(C),net(NC)and productive capital stock(PC)from the theoretical connotation,estimation methods and application scenarios,the TFP of urban service industry is measured with panel data of PC,labor input and output.Based on this,taking the data of 249 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2001 to 2018 as samples,this paper makes a visual description and analysis of the spatial pattern of transportation infrastructure,and empirically tests the overall effect and heterogeneity of the impact of transportation infrastructure on TFP of service industry by combining common measurement and spatial measurement methods,discusses the mechanism of transportation infrastructure improving service industry TFP from the perspective of service industry agglomeration and market potential.The main work and innovations of this paper include:(1)prudently estimating the capital input of China's urban service industry,and using the productive capital stock to measure its TFP.On the basis of analyzing the theoretical connotation and accounting methods of C,NC,PC,using the perpetual inventory method of non-traditional approach,and under the unified framework of age-efficiency function and age-price function,this paper systematically estimated C,NC,PC of service industry in cities,and then calculated the TFP of service industry including urban heterogeneity based on SFA by using PC reflecting the actual investment level of assets and equipment.In view of the high sensitivity of the capital stock estimation results to the depreciation rate,this paper breaks through the traditional method of setting empirical depreciation rate,derives the time-varying depreciation rate with the asset value formula,and calculates the average depreciation rate in the sample period to determine the capital stock in the base period.(2)Under the theoretical framework of new economic geography,the general equilibrium model and theoretical mechanism are constructed to give a new explanation of how transportation infrastructure affects TFP of service industry more closely with reality.Based on the Dixit-Stiglitz monopoly competition model and combined with the characteristics of the production structure of the service sector,the service sector and transportation infrastructure were included in the general equilibrium analysis framework,and a three-sector n-region model based on agriculture,manufacturing and service was established.The equilibrium state was analyzed by numerical simulation.Under the path of "sharing-division-learning" and "selection effect-talent classification effect",the paper discusses the influence of service industry agglomeration and market potential on service industry TFP respectively,which establishes a micro theoretical basis for the empirical research in this paper.(3)To overcome the shortcomings of neglecting spatial factors in existing studies,this study combined spatial econometric model with mediating effect model to empirically analyze the impact of transportation infrastructure on TFP of service industry from a small scale and multiple perspectives.First of all,this paper uses a more general spatial Durbin model(SDM)to investigate the impact of traffic conditions on TFP of service industry,combined with the geographical distance and economic distance and other five kinds of spatial weight matrix,the robustness test is carried out by changing the sample size,adjusting the sample time window,replacing the key variable indicators and the adjacent weight matrix of the same province and across provinces.The dynamic SDM model is constructed to alleviate the endogenous problem.Secondly,combined with SDM and mediating effect model,this study empirically investigates the mechanism of transportation infrastructure's influence on TFP of service industry from the perspective of the whole and the regional level of East,West and China.Finally,non-spatial econometrics,SDM,PSM-SDID,two-district SDM and other models are comprehensively used.FE,IV-2SLS and MLE are adopted to explore the heterogeneity of transportation infrastructure on TFP under different sample structures such as service structure,traffic type,geographical region and urban elements.The results show that:(1)There are numerical characteristics of "total wealth capital stock C> productive capital stock PC> wealth net capital stock NC" in the estimation results of capital stock of urban service industry,which conforms to the basic law of capital accounting theory.From 2001 to 2018,the average annual growth rate of C,PC and NC in the service industry was as high as 20.76%,20.03% and 19.06%,respectively.There was a large imbalance in the capital investment in the service industry among cities.(2)During the sample period,the average TFP and its growth rate of the service industry were 0.73 and 0.46%,the TFP level of service industry in the central and eastern coastal areas with large and medium cities as the core is higher.(3)From the overall sample,transportation infrastructure can significantly promote the TFP level of service industry.Robustness analysis also found that the boost was greater after2012.Compared with the neighboring cities in the same province,under the spatial relationship of neighboring cities in different provinces,the promotion effect of transportation infrastructure on TFP of service industry is more obvious.(4)According to the results of the mechanism test,the transport network structure has a positive effect on the TFP of the service industry through the agglomeration of the service industry and the market potential.The mediating effect of the agglomeration of the service industry and the market potential is 19.70% and 1.52%.The mediating effect of the agglomeration of the service industry is the strongest in the eastern region,the mediating effect of market potential is the strongest in central region.(5)From the perspective of the sub-industry structure samples,the transportation infrastructure measured by highway density has the largest promoting effect on public services,followed by consumer services,and the producer services.From the perspective of different transportation modes,the improvement effect of highway service TFP was higher than that of railway,air and water.From the perspective of different urban agglomerations,the TFP improvement effect of transportation conditions is the best in Jing-Jin-Ji urban circle,the Pearl River Delta is a little worse,but not significant in the Yangtze River Delta.From the perspective of different urban elements,transportation infrastructure can still significantly improve the TFP level of service industry,and the positive spatial spillover effect of comprehensive transportation hub and provincial capital city service TFP is greater. |
PDF Full Text Request