Research On The Impact Of Land Fragmentation,Off Farm Labor Supply On Land Transfer

The relationship between farmers and land is the main line of rural reform under the new situation.On the one hand,the arrival of the Lewis turning point shows that China’s rural surplus labor no longer exists,while the data show that the scale of agricultural labor in our country is still huge.China still has more than 200 million farmers who need work in rural areas.Farmers are still the main force of China’s agricultural management.Predictably,in the current process of rural reform and urbanization in China,The next period of time,a large number of rural labor force will continue to transfer to urban and non-agricultural sectors.Agriculture growth and food self-sufficiency may be threatened by the large-scale non-agricultural supply of rural labor and the slow growth of agricultural labor productivity.China’s vast rural areas seems to have been the extensive management of farmland and even the "abandoned" phenomenon,the situation of land transfer lags behind labor transfer is still exist.On the other hand,land fragmentation management as one of the basic characteristics of agricultural production in our country,not only related to agricultural production,but also related to the use of labor.Under the situation of agricultural labor resources are changing,the impact of land fragmentation on agricultural production will also make the rural labor use playing a greater role in agricultural and non-agricultural.The relationship between off-farm employment and agricultural production will be more obvious.In the past,under the specific conditions of a large number of surplus rural labor,land fragmentation may be conducive to labor use and agricultural production.Now,Now,the labor and employment market continues to develop and non-farm employment opportunities increase,agricultural labor resources are changing.Land management rights transfer market development to bring the land of the asset function and farmers’ land endowment effect enhancement,also provides ideas for land fragmentation governance.In this context,how will land fragmentation affect agricultural production and labor use?Driven by the maximization of income,farmers will also adjust their own allocation of arable land resources?At this stage,why is this phenomenon that "land transfer" lagging behind the "labor transfer" state still exists?Based on the background of the emergence of Lewis turning point,the increasing family migration and the rapid development of land and labors market,this paper analyzed the effect of land fragmentation on the supply of agricultural products and off-farm labor,and analyzed the effect of land fragmentation and off-farm labor supply on the transfer of land management rights by using the descriptive statistics and econometric method.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:Part 1:The impact of land fragmentation on household labor,production outsourcing,grain production,etc.This part by using the microscopic investigation data,under the background of rapid development and the arrival of lewis turning point,first of all,from the point of view of risk and whether labor makes full use of,analysis the impact of land fragmentation on diversification and domestic employment.Then,from the Angle of production,this paper analyzes the impact of land fragmentation on production outsourcing and grain production.The results show that:Land Fragmentation promotes the diversity of planting,but does not significantly promote the increase in household employment,to a certain extent,will reduce the amount of household labor.In addition,there is no characteristic of increasing returns to scale at the present stage of grain production,and the effect of land fragmentation on grain returns is negative,which may be one of the main reasons that there is no scale of grain production return increasing.In the end,the land fragmentation hinders the outsourcing of farmers’ production,and reduces the probability of farmers’ outsourcing of production environment.On the whole,land fragmentation is not conducive to agricultural production.The negative impact began to highlight.Part 2:The effect of land fragmentation on the supply of off-farm labor under the perspective of Lewis Turning-Point.Therefore,this section focuses on analyzing the impact of land fragmentation on the marginal productivity of agricultural labor and quantitative analyzing the impact on the off-farm labor.The results indicate that land fragmentation has a negative impact on the marginal productivity of agricultural labor.It is not only reduce the marginal production of agricultural labor but also reduce the output.Further,it also reduces the probability and the time of farmers’ participating in non-agricultural sector.This study also do a robust test in different ages and get the same conclusion.Part 3:the effect of land fragmentation and off-farm labor supply on the transfer of land management rights.Accordingly,this part from the perspective of family labor heterogeneity(i.e.family decision-making),quantitative estimates of the impact of family non-farm labor supply on the transfer of agricultural land management rights.The robust test are also made in different family non-agricultural employment degree and region respectively.The results show that land fragmentation had a significant influence on the probability and quantity of land management right.It will increase the land out and decrease the land in.The plots increase the impact of off-farm labor supply on the land out of land management right,and it has a greater effect on female-labor supply.In addition,the impact of female labor supply on land management right become significance with the off-farm labor supply increasing,and it increased land out and reduce land in.Comparing to male labor supply,female labor supply have a great impact on land transfer.From different regions,in the eastern and central regions,the number of plots significantly inhibited the outflow of farmland,while in the West and northeast region has a positive impact.Based on the above three aspects of research,this study draws the following conclusions and policy implications:In the face of the rapid development of agricultural land and labor market,the fragmentation of land will reduce the amount of family labor to a certain extent,hinder farmers’ use of outsourcing,and the impact on grain production and scale pay is negative.In addition,land fragmentation also hindered off-farm labor supply and lead to reallocation of arable land resources.It also strengthen the impact of off-farm labor supply on land transfer and have a greater effect in female off-farm labor supply.Therefore,for the current farmers spontaneous behaviors that farmers rent the whole village,lease the whole piece of adjacent land,or simply put the marginalized land abandoned in order to achieve the scale of operation,the government and relevant departments should provide policies and related supporting supports orguidances for this spontaneous behavior,supplementing by "cost-income" and "rational calculation" to help farmers to avoid fragmentation in the actual operation of the land.Secondly,in the promotion of non-agricultural labor supply,they should see the differences stage between the male and female non-agricultural labor supply and the change trend of family migration.When the government and the relevant departments strengthen non-agricultural employment training or provide non-farm employment opportunities,they should povide more non-agricultural employment opportunities for women and nearby localities in order to reduce family dependence on land.Finally,it is also necessary to increase rural land consolidation and high standard farmland construction,creating favorable external conditions for grain production,agricultural machinery use and agricultural labor marginal productivity improvement.