Research On The Practice And Regulation Of China's Sharing Economy

This essay studies the operation mechanism,the problems and the corresponding regulatory ideas in the practice of China's sharing economy.Sharing economy is a new form of economic organization that has emerged worldwide in recent years.Unlike the traditional economy,which takes ownership transaction as its core,the sharing economy further refines the attributes of ownership and takes the right of using goods and services as the basic unit of transaction,thus greatly changing the form of transaction organization,expanding the collection of tradable goods and improving the efficiency of commodity utilization.The explosive growth of the sharing economy in the world has attracted the attention of scholars,entrepreneurs and governments.Many countries and regions regard the development of the sharing economy as an important growth point of the economy.Some scholars have proposed that the mode of the sharing economy can lead to a development path different from that of the western high-resource-consuming economy and,therefore,form a high-quality and efficient economic development model.However,as a new form of business,it is difficult for people to reach a unified understanding of the knowledge,effect and regulation of sharing economy,thus it is difficult to effectively guide the sharing economy to achieve its greatest value.As far as the development of China's sharing economy is concerned,there are still some problems,such as inconsistent understanding,inadaptable system and lack of regulatory means.Sharing economy has experienced a period of barbaric growth under the influence of capital for profit,which has also caused many social contradictions and hindered the orderly and healthy development of sharing economy.This essay holds that in order to better promote the development of sharing economy and curb its problems,it is necessary to further take root in the practice of sharing economy,clarify the operation mechanism of different modes and different types of it and the causes of the problems,and then study the appropriate regulatory ideas and methods according to their characteristics.Therefore,based on the practice of China's sharing economy,this paper attempts to systematically study the operation mechanism of the sharing economy,and puts forward corresponding regulatory suggestions.This essay includes five aspects:(1)defining the research object and practice map of sharing economy,dividing sharing economy into stock-based basic model and incremental evolutionary model;(2)operating mechanism and influence of basic model of sharing economy;(3)evolutionary model of sharing economy and its influence;(4)phenomenon,effect and formation of enterprise race-to-the bottom in sharing economy;(5)Regulation ideas based on the operation mechanism of sharing economy.The conclusions of this study include:1.By comparing with rental economy,gift economy and platform economy,the research object of sharing economy can be defined as a new economic organization mode with the core of"right of use"transaction,the basic characteristics driven by information technology,the organizational characteristics of efficient utilization of capital and the target characteristics of on-demand service.It can be further classified into the basic model of sharing economy based on stock resource sharing and the evolution model of sharing economy based on incremental resource sharing.According to the transaction risk of sharing objects,the sharing economy can be divided into physical sharing,skill sharing and credit sharing,thus constituting the practice map of sharing economy.Among them,the basic and evolutionary modes of sharing economy are different in operation mechanisrn,market competition,policy risk and value creation,but there are also complementarities.2.In the basic mode of sharing economy,the matching of supply and demand of stock resources can bring about the improvement of the overall social welfare.Sharing economy enables people to trade goods by leasing through sharing platform.In the short run,without changing the purchase choice,people who did not buy goods can rent the goods from the people who have already bought them to obtain utility,thus improving the overall social utility.The more utility people get from using commodities and the more people they don't buy,the more expensive the rent is.In the long run,that is to say,if the purchase choice can be changed,the higher the transaction cost,the fewer changes in people's buying behavior in the long run.The value of sharing platform is to reduce transaction costs,make people's rent and purchase options more diverse,demand more smoothly,thereby increasing social welfare.However,for different types of goods,the sharing economy will have different effects on long-term purchase demand.Demand for high-priced goods owned by only a small number of people will rise,which will push up prices(which has been demonstrated by the empirical data of Shanghai second-hand housing prices).For low-priced goods owned by most people,the introduction of the sharing economy will reduce the purchase of goods.3.In the evolutionary model of sharing economy,enterprises can earn dividends from sharing economy by changing the way of incremental market input.The choice of incremental input change,according to the level of transformation cost,is to increase prices,change product characteristics,build a sharing platform,establish a direct rent model and adopt a mixed model(that is,direct rent + platform model).After a detailed analysis of each choice,this paper finds that for the society,the latter three modes can bring about the improvement of social welfare,while the former two options may make the social welfare lower than before the emergence of the sharing economy.But for enterprises,the level of transaction and transformation costs determines whether they will make the decision of social expectations,that is,whether there will be"market failure".Luxury goods producers(who produce goods with high prices and only a small number of people own)are less sensitive to transaction costs,while ordinary goods producers(who produce goods with low prices and most people own goods)are more sensitive to transaction costs.Slightly higher transaction costs will make enterprises unprofitable,and they even take measures to curb the sharing of goods in order to maximize profits,resulting in social welfare.Loss.4.This essay argues that there exists competition among enterprises in the sharing economy,which leads to the emergence of various social and public problems,including the lack of protection of labor relations,the encroachment of public resources,and the lack of attention to data and financial security.The substitution of capital logic for industrial logic is the main reason for the sharing economy to compete.Because the technology threshold of sharing economy is low and the advantage of platform flow can be quickly erased by capital subsidies,capital can play a huge role in expanding the market and enhancing short-term competitive advantage.This also leads to the introduction of capital into a sharing economy enterprise,and other enterprises must also introduce capital to enhance their competitiveness.In order to gain the favor of capital,the short-term profit logic of capital has replaced the long-term business logic of the enterprise,which breeds the incentive mechanism of competition.The excessive liquidity of the market,the market prospect of winner-take-all and the lack of competition space left by the lack of supervision further contribute to this logic,making the phenomenon of competition prevailing in the sharing economy.How to avoid sharing economic"race-to-the-bottom"and guide its development to "race-to-the-top" requires the joint efforts of the government,the market and all sectors of society to build a suitable institutional environment for its development.5.This essay makes a normative analysis of the regulation of the sharing economy,and discusses the difficulties of regulation in practice.It summarizes six suggestions for the regulation of the sharing economy.Guiding principles of regulation:allocation of property rights based on Caldo-Hicks criterion;general idea of regulation:regulation according to model and risk classification;practical goal of regulation:to achieve win-win situation of encouraging innovation and safeguarding public interests;main ways of regulation:flexible governance and multi-party consultation;technical conditions of regulation:skillfully using new technology to upgrade regulation capacity;supporting measures of regulation:Improving the social security system to promote social equality.