| The United States is the largest developed country in the world today.Whether its political,economic,military,cultural,scientific and technological.two most important economies in the world today.Its industrial,financial,foreign trade and other policies affect the nerve of the world market "nerve".China as the world’s largest developing country has seen a steady rise in global influence in recent years.The "Belt and Road"initiative put forward by the Chinese Government not only powerfully demonstrates China’s determination to further deepen reform and opening up,but also further underlines the sincerity of China’s willingness to continuously participate in international cooperation and exchanges.This will have an important impact on the economic development of many countries or regions.China and the United States are the two most important economies in the world today.World Bank research report shows that the nominal GDP in the United States in 2017 reached 19.36 trillion US dollars,Corresponding to China’s nominal GDP in US dollars in 2017 was about 12.24 trillion US dollars.The United States as the world economy "leader" status highlights,although China’s economic growth is relatively fast,but catch up with the United States to become the world’s real economic power,there is still a long way to go.The current slowdown in world growth continues,especially after the outbreak of the subprime crisis in 2008,the development of China and the US economy has exposed some problems.Such as financial regulatory issues in the United States,income distribution issues,investment and employment issues,and racial discrimination.While China’s economic development is exposed,including regional economic development imbalance,macroeconomic policy control inaccurate,local government debt is too high,overcapacity,lack of domestic demand,environmental pollution and many other issues.Through the nature of the phenomenon,these problems arise from the development of the two countries are closely linked with the industrial structure.The proportion of the third industry in the United States in 2017 was over 80%.China’s economic development over the previous dependence on exports to stimulate economic growth,and when the global economic slowdown in consumer demand can not be effectively expanded in the short term had to rely on a huge government investment to maintain the smooth operation of the economy,Which further exacerbated the lack of consumption and investment overheating structural problems,which also led to overcapacity,local debt is too large,corporate leverage is too high and a series of problems.If these problems can not be effectively resolved,is bound to the Chinese economy toward the "good and fast" direction of the development of the obstacles,we are proud of the prosperity and prosperity of the motherland at the same time,we should also see China and There is a gap between the United States,reflect on China’s economic development in the difficulties and problems,the formation of long-term sustainable development of strategic objectives,so as to promote China’s economy to achieve further development.Industrial structure as an important criterion for judging the "quality" of a country’s economic development,on the one hand,it directly reflects the proportion of the various sectors within the various sectors of the national economy,on the other hand,it indirectly reflects the economic development of a country Rely on the power base,and then determine a country’s economic growth "health" and "sustainability."The evolution of industrial structure as a country’s industrial structure development of the historical evolution of the trend,its more intuitive description of a country’s economic development from primary to advanced,from underdevelopment to development,from extensive growth to intensive development path.In general,the evolution of industrial structure as an important form of economic development in a country is an important cornerstone of the long-term development of a country’s economy.The scientific and rational industrial structure will help a country to stand in the increasingly competitive international market.Heel,but also can effectively resist the economic and financial crisis brought about by the adverse impact,so as to make the economy truly sustainable,comprehensive and healthy development,so explore the evolution of industrial structure trend path,dynamic mechanism,influencing factors and other aspects of the study It is particularly important.Based on the general law of the evolution of industrial structure and the theory of industrial structure evolution,this paper takes the industrial structure of China and the United States as the main research object,explores the laws and path of the evolution of American industrial structure,and the existence of this industry The inherent law and logic,and analyze the dynamic mechanism and influencing factors in the process of American industrial structure evolution.On the basis of this,combining with the concrete situation of the evolution of China’s industrial structure,the common points and differences between the two are analyzed.Finally,based on the new characteristics and existing problems of Sino-US industrial structure evolution under the background of current economic globalization,and from the perspective of international trade and international direct investment,this paper puts forward some suggestions and suggestions,hoping to provide more reference for the adjustment,optimization and upgrading of China’s industrial structure.The national economy can achieve long-term and balanced development in a scientific and rational three industrial structure.The main contents of this paper are:Part 1 mainly is a systematic combing of the relevant theories and literatures,covering the basic concepts of industrial structure,the division of industrial structure,and the theory of industrial structure adjustment,the evolution of industrial structure,industrial structure and economic growth.Finds a strong theoretical and literature support to the writing of the article.Part 2 mainly studies the basic logic and analysis framework of the evolution of Sino-US industrial structure.Firstly,it divides the research perspective of the evolution of industrial structure,which is the starting point of the evolution of industrial structure.Secondly,studies the general law and dynamic mechanism of industrial structure evolution.Finally,analyzes industry structure the evolution of the driving factors and restrictive factors.Part 3 mainly carries on the theory analysis and the model construction,through the theory analysis,studies the demand factor,the international trade,the international direct investment,the R&D investment and so on how to influence the technical progress,then affects the industrial structure evolution.This paper studies how the driving factors affect the evolution of industrial structure by influencing technological progress through the construction of models(Solow model without considering technological progress,Solow model with considering technological progress,Solow model with considering human capital).Part 4 mainly analyzes the Course,path and trend of evolution of industrial structure in China and the United States,divides the evolution of Sino-US industrial structure into four stages,and the time range of China is relatively short.From 1952 to the present,the United States The range of time is relatively long,from 1776 to the present.On the basis of this,the paper analyzes the horizontal situation of the three industrial output structure changes in China and the United States,the vertical situation of the change of the output structure of the three industries in China and the United States,and the change of the internal structure of the three industries in China and the United States.Based on these,analyzes the differences between the related industries in the three industries of China and the United States,mainly comparing the changes of the industrial structure in China and the United States in the sub-period,and the evolution of related industries in the secondary industry Change,the tertiary industry in the development trend of related industries.Part 5 analyzes the development of Sino-US industrial structure under the background of economic globalization,and analyzes how international trade and international direct investment influence the industrial structure evolution of China and the United States through technological progressPart 6 builds a grey relational analysis model based on the corresponding data of the industrial structure evolution of China and the United States,calculates the grey relational degree between the driving factors and the industrial structure evolution of China and the United States,and constructs a VAR model(impulse response function based on vector autoregressive model,variance decomposition model based on vector autoregressive model,Granger).Causality test,error correction model,analysis of the driving factors on the evolution of industrial structure in China and the United States,On the basis of summarizing the contents of the previous parts,this paper draws the main research conclusions,and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.Based on this,this paper sums up this paper’s shortcomings and further research prospect etc.The industrial structure evolution of China and the United States tends to be consistent in the general direction.From the proportion of the three industries,with the development of the economy and the continuous improvement of the per capita income level,the industrial structure of the two countries has evolved from the initial "123" to"321",and the tertiary industry has finally become the democracy of the national economy.Guide industry.From the perspective of the three industries,with the continuous promotion of industry revolution,the proportion of emerging industries and traditional industries is constantly dividing,and the industrial structure is continuously optimized.However,the process characteristics of industrial structure evolution between China and the United States are different.There is still a big gap in the depth of industrial structure evolution between China and the United States.Moreover,the industrial development of the two countries is also facing some problems.In addition,the current trend of economic globalization is becoming more and more intense,which is increasingly profoundly affecting the evolution direction of the industrial structure of China and the United States.Both countries are major trading countries in the world.They are facing not only cooperation and competition directly,but also old economic constraints and new challenges of the industrial revolution.Therefore,from a long-term perspective,trade openness,exchanges,cooperation and mutual benefit between the two countries will be the major direction and trend.In this process,China and the United States need to seek balanced development among and within the three industries in accordance with their own resource endowments and the socio-economic environment they are facing,and strive to promote the industry.Reform will constantly promote the readjustment,optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. |
