Research On Sino-european Industrial Cooperation

The ancient Silk Road traversed the Eurasian continent and promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.The historical evolution of 5,000 years has not only failed to block the arteries flowing in Asia and Europe,but has also highlighted the historical inheritance of the blood connections between Asia and Europe.In 2013,China proposed the "The Belt and Road" strategic plan,which provided a new platform for countries in Asia and Europe to strengthen industrial and technological exchanges,innovate industrial cooperation models,and optimize the layout of production capacity.As the two ends of the Belt and Road strategy,the industrial interaction between China and European Union will affect the industrial development of the coastal countries in the future,and even the industrial cooperation pattern of the entire Asia-Europe continent.Under this background,the study of the past and future of Sino-European industrial cooperation is the key to the interpretation of the industrial cooperation between countries in Asia and Europe under the Belt and Road strategy.After the reform and opening up,China actively cooperated with developed countries in industrial cooperation,and took advantage of low labor costs and abundant resources as comparative advantages to undertake international industrial transfer.China has become an important part of Flying Geese Paradigm and East Asian production network,and international trade has grown rapidly compared with the United States and Japan's the direct investment in China.The scale of Sino-European industrial cooperation has always been "conservative." In the 1990 s,when the EU was formally established,Deng Xiaoping's speech at the southern tour confirmed the determination to deepen reforms and opening up.The warming of political relations between the two sides opened a new era of Sino-European industrial cooperation.The EU's investment in China and bilateral trade volume have expanded rapidly.Although Sino-European industrial cooperation started late,it has maintained steady growth.After 2000,the EU continued to expand eastward,China's accession to the WTO,and the steady development of the political and economic relations between the two sides led to continuous deepening of industrial cooperation.China-EU trade types and EU investment in China all show a trend of diversification.The model of industrial cooperation is represented by the vertical Sino-European industrial cooperation based on complementary factor resources.However,after the financial crisis,the European debt crisis has severely damaged the economic strength of the European Union,and also exposed the contradictions among member states.Meanwhile,China's demographic dividend has gradually disappeared,and the low cost advantage has made it difficult to sustain the pressure of industrial upgrading.The scale of bilateral investment and trade faces a bottleneck.However,Sino-European industrial cooperation faces new opportunities.The concept of German Industry 4.0 resonates with the demand for the upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.After 30 years of cooperation,Sino-European industrial cooperation is facing a transformation.The traditional literature data mainly focuses on the industrial cooperation within the East Asian production network and focuses on the phenomenon of industrial transfer from the perspective of the developed countries,ignoring the demands of the developing countries in the cooperation.This paper broadens the horizon and uses the concept of cooperation to summarize the history and current situation of Sino-European industrial cooperation.Based on the input-output method and the industrial competitiveness index system,the benefits and status of Sino-European industrial cooperation will be measured,and the future industrial cooperation pattern in Central Europe and the entire Asia-Europe continent will be forecasted.This paper believes that Sino-European industrial cooperation has undergone some changes.First of all,China's status in industrial cooperation has improved.The empirical results show that the ratio of vertical specialization between China and the 15 EU countries has gradually decreased,indicating that the industrial cooperation structure began to change.Meanwhile,China's competitiveness index for middle and high-end manufacturing industries is higher than most of the 15 member states of the European Union.The change in cooperation status has two factors.On the one hand,the comparative advantage of the two parties changes.The European debt crisis has caused the EU economy to suffer heavy losses,and companies lack funds to maintain the development of high-tech industries.In the process of acting as a world factory,China has realized the accumulation of capital and the improvement of its production capacity.It not only has the funds and a huge consumer market needed by the EU,but also has the ability to export to the Belt and Road countries and some EU member states.China is changing from a passive undertaker to an active exporter in industrial cooperation.On the other hand,China has begun to show more active performance in the development of high-tech industries,seeking to participate in the formulation of industry standards such as 5G communication technologies and new energy vehicles.Although the empirical results show that China still has certain disadvantages in areas such as medical care and precision equipment,China's industrial development is balanced,and it maintains its advantages in the mid-and low-end industries and has the basis for realizing industrial upgrading.Second,changes in the cooperative status of the two sides have led to the gradual evolution of the industrial cooperation model from horizontal industrial cooperation to horizontal cooperation.From the perspective of industrial cooperation efficiency,empirical results indicate that the increase in the degree of low-end manufacturing relevance at this stage has a negative effect on both sides of China and the EU,and the negative impact on the EU is significantly higher than that of China.However,the increase in the correlation between mid-end manufacturing and high-end manufacturing has a significant positive effect on the increase in total output of both China and the EU.Both parties have no cooperation benefits in the low-end manufacturing industry,and the gradual shift from the industrial cooperation field to the mid-and high-end manufacturing sector will have a leading effect on the economic growth of both sides.Finally,a new path for industrial cooperation has gradually emerged,manifested as China's investment in the EU has reached new heights and the two sides have started to conduct industrial cooperation in third countries.After the financial crisis,the traditional industry cooperation path is facing bottlenecks.The bilateral trade volume between China and the EU and the scale of EU investment in China have been weak.However,China's investment in the EU has grown rapidly and it has mainly concentrated on high-end manufacturing.Technology is still the main motivation for China's industrial cooperation with the EU.Markets and capital are the main motives for EU investment in China.In the empirical analysis of China's industrial cooperation path,it can be seen that geographical factors hinder the formation of a closer Sino-European industrial cooperation.Cooperation between the two countries in a third country can effectively save the high transportation costs,establish a tighter production network and broaden the geographical space for cooperation.The Belt and Road Strategy is an important opportunity for the deepening of Sino-European industrial cooperation.Deepening industrial cooperation not only contributes to the economic growth of both sides,but also shoulders the future economic prosperity and political stability in Asia and Europe.The new era opened a new chapter in Sino-European industrial cooperation and opened the prelude to economic development in Asia and Europe.The 15 countries of the European Union,China,and the coastal countries of the Belt and Road complement each other's resources and have the foundation for industrial cooperation.The East Asian production network used to attract the attention of the world.Compared with East Asia's industry cooperation in Flying Geese Paradigm,I will look ahead in the final part of this paper regarding whether Asia-Europe industrial cooperation is only a copy of the East Asian production network.