R&D Internationalization Of Chinese Enterprises:Location Selection And Spatial Organization

With the integration of global economic being strengthened constantly and the value chain being disassemble rapidly,innovation resource such as talent,technology,information flow and recombination fast in the worldwide.The world step into the era of open innovation with the characteristics of innovation resources flow across the global.The main motivation of innovation internationalization of enterprises is use innovation resource all of the world to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.As the booming development of multinational R&D investment,the model of international foreign investment has changed significantly.China is not only hot host country of MNCs' overseas R&D investment,but also become an active overseas R&D investment subject.As latecomer of R&D globalization,how to select a suitable location to design space layout of Chinese enterprises in order to maximize use good global innovation resources,so as to improve its potential in the global order of innovation is a propositions worth in-depth research.This thesis starts from the emerging phenomenon of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises,the overall research objectives are explore the spatial distribution,location selection and spatial organization model base on systematic analyze the theory and development trend of R&D globalization of MNCs and comprehensive analysis the current characteristics of Chinese enterprise development.The main contents,research methods and conclusions of this theis are as follows:(1)Theoretical basis and research progress of R&D internationalization of enterprise.Firstly,systematically review and tease out the research context of the theory of traditional international investment,R&D internationalization of MNCs,location selection,open innovation,global innovation network and R&D internationalization of emerging countries' enterprises.Then analyze the development status at home and abroad of R&D internationalization of enterprise.The result shows that compared to the rapid growth of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises,the existing theories has certain applicability to explain the location choice and space organization model of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprise,but still has its limitation.(2)The main characteristics of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises.R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises started in the early 1990s,nearly 20 years later than developed countries.R&D investment is small and aslo at the stage of start.The major modes conclude set up overseas R&D institutions,cross-border M&A based on technology acquisition,establish global R&D alliance.According to the number of overseas R&D institutions and PCT patent application,R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprise grow fast.Compared with other natures,the number and development speed of oversea R&D institution of private enterprises are the largest and fastest.From the point of industry sectors,the implementation of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises mainly comes from the knowledge intensive manufacturing and professional services.From the perspective of the development type of overseas R&D institutions,initially set up R&D institutions of Chinese enterprises overseas is research and development oriented,gradually developed into research and development orientation is given priority,research orientation and development orientation lay equal stress on.(3)This thesis has analyzed the spatial distribution of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises according to number of overseas R&D institutions in the database of Chinese enterprises overseas R&D investment.In the perspective of host country,the spatial distribution of Chinese enterprises overseas R&D investment areas are widely distributed and showing obvious concentration and dispersion.Although the Chinese enterprises have set up overseas R&D institutions in 102 countries around the world,but mainly concentrated in developed country that have advanced technology and rich R&D resource,U.S.,Japan and Germany are the hot-spots of R&D investment of Chinese enterprises.During the research period,the distribution trend of home regions of oversea R&D investment of Chinese enterprises spread from coastal areas to central and western areas,concentrate in Bohai Rim,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta.The geographical distribution pattern is basically in line with the Chinese urban hierarchy system,has showed a highly unbalanced space feature.The spatial differentiation of R&D investment in different industry enterprises is obvious.(4)Location select of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises.Firstly,only consider the factor of host country.Aaccording to the zero tail Negative Binomial Regression analysis results,the main factors that influence R&D investment of Chinese enterprise contain R&D supply of host countries such as innovative ability,number of R&D resources,protection of intellectual property rights policy and institutional guarantee and correlating factors between China and host countries such as the number of China's direct investment to the host country,and the geographic distance between China and host countries.Further,divid overseas R&D institutions of Chinese enterprises into 3 types,include research and development orientation,research orientation and development oriented.Take the factor of enterprises,home region and the host counry into account,use Multinomial Logit Regression methods to empirical analysis the main factor that influence the location selection of different types of R&D of overseas R&D institutions of Chinese enterprises.The result show:?The size,age,nature and industry category of enterprises have different influence on the specific R&D activity types engaged by enterprises' overseas R&D institutions.? The stronger innovation ability of enterprise will be more conducive research oriented activities overseas.?The higher extroverted degree of home region is more likely to conduct research and development oriented activities oversea.? Different factors of host countries have different influence to appeal different types of research and development oversea activities.In the end,this thesis classified the type of location selection of R&D internalization of Chinese enterprise to technical and innovative resources seeking,policy utilization and market surpport.The R&D investment flow of the former two kinds is "upward flow",the latter type is "mixed flow".(5)Spatial organization model of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises.Choose Huawei,Haier Group,Chang'an Automobile as example,use the sales of at home and abroad as indicators to measure the domestic and global market share,the market positioning of case enterprises,respectively,for the global market and multi-country market and home market.Use R&D investment,domestic and PCT patent applications of case enterprises as measure index,compared with other enterprises in the same industry at home and abroad,the technical skills of three enterprises separately position as the global leader,domestic leader and follower of backwardness.The strategic motives of R&D internationalization are aslo different among case enterprises.The function of oversea R&D institutions of Huawei include basic research,technical development and technology transfer.The main functions of overseas R&D institutions of Haier Group is use technology and resource advantages of host countries to conduct technical development,so as to service of the host country and regional markets.Chang'an Automobile set up overseas R&D institutions is mainly for different technical advantage in the field of automobile in different host country,and converge to the headquarters to service for the domestic market.Finally,this thesis summarize the sptial organization model of Chinese enterprise as multi-center collaborative model,multi-regional dispersion model and multi-module aggregation model according to the market and technical skills position,the spatial location and strategic motivation of R&D internationalization of case enterprises.(6)The "MTS Analysis Framework" of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises.According to the regression analysis of large sample data,and combined with case studies,consider the market and technology level of Chinese enterprises themselves and the spatial distribution and strategy motives as a whole,on the basis of related theories this thesis build MTS Analysis Framework based on Market position(M),Technical level positioning(T)and Strategic motives(S)to interpret the location selection and spatial organization model of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises.Relative to the theory of international R&D internationalization,"MTS Analysis Framework" more specific and targeted interpret the location select and spatial organization model of R&D internationalization of Chinese and developing countries enterprises.This analysis framework has strong practical guidance,and has inherited,deepened anddeveloped existing theory of R&D globalization.This thesis has conducted an in-depth study on the current situation and characteristics,spatial pattern,location selection and spatial organization model of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises.It has summarized the relevant laws of R&D internationalization of China's enterprises and has build MTS Analysis Framework to interpret the location select and spatial organization model of R&D internationalization of Chinese enterprises.The result has deepened the research on the globalization of MNC's R&D and provides theoretical guidance for the transnational growth of Chinese enterprises.The study results with a view to providing more relevant experience for Chinese companies that are wondering whether to "go out" or "going out".It will help to promote the reform of China's relevant science and technology policies and provide important reference for the government to formulate relevant policies.