| With the development of the international specialization,the global value chains specialization is becoming more and more the multi-level division of the different value added between production processes in the same product.In the trend,the organization form of global production networks is that countries or regions with their own different endowment of resources or factors of advantage take the production of the specific process in the "fragmented" value chain.Then the producing goods achieve their value added through the world trade network.The current global specialization extends the global scope covered by the value chain and shorts the entry "threshold" for the global production network.In particular,cross-regional cooperation and transnational production network have become an important mean for developing countries and regions to raise the level of their economic development in an open economy.The areas covered by the Great Mekong Subregion(GMS)belong to developing countries.According to WDI database statistics,GMS has become a hotspot of FDI in developed countries,and the industrialization process,especially the growth of manufacturing,has accelerate significantly in the past five years.Meanwhile,GMS is also the meeting place of China's major strategy and the important channel for South Asia and Southeast Asia.However,GMS still has the problems of weak industrial base,low labor quality,limited market capacity,lagging infrastructure construction and unbalanced factor circulation.In the phase of both opportunities and challenges,how to using the condition of resources,elements and FDI and how to embedding the specific section of the global production network are the measures to GMS of promoting industrial development and narrowing the regional development gap under the trend of specialization.Based on the theories of inter-industry specialization,intra-industry specialization,intra-product specialization,complex systems and complex networks and coevolution,this paper constructs an evolutionary framework of global manufacturing production network from the perspective of both"macro-mesoscopic-micro" and "embedded-identification-evolution".The analysis framework has nested,modularity and cyclic characteristics and has expanded the theoretical system of global production network to some extent.On that basis,there are three progressive parts of the empirical analysis.First,based on social network analysis method,this paper selects the world's 180 countries and regions and 86 kinds of manufactured goods building the global trade networks of the technology,capital and labor intensive manufacture during 2000 and 2014 year.Second,based on the literature of the international trade network associated mechanism,this paper with the method of statistical survey questionnaire,select embedded in global production network level different representative of Thailand,Cambodia and Laos as research object.The questionnaire was designed according to the four dynamic identification dimensions of production,sales,R&D and investment.In this survey,96 valid questionnaires were issued to the 20 manufacturing industries of the three countries.Third,the paper adopts Agent modeling and simulation method to study the evolution path of GMS three kinds of manufacturing enterprises embedded in global production network in 12 years.To sum up,the following conclusions are drawn from the theoretical and empirical studies.(1)The analysis of the global manufacturing network configuration of the value chains specialization that GMS joinedThe first conclusion is that the degree of manufacturing embedding in GMS is from high to low,which is the global production network of labor,capital and technology-intensive.The second conclusion is that GMS embedded in the global production network has significant hierarchical.Thailand,Vietnam and Yunnan province of China belong to a highest level of embeddedness.Cambodia and Myanmar are belong to level two which has a medium embeddedness.Laos is belong to level three which has the lowest embeddedness.The third conclusion is that the subgroup networks of three types of manufacturing embedded in GMS are scattered,and the correlation between members of GMS is gradually weakened,but the centrality and stability of embedded subgroup networks are continuously improved.(2)The analysis of the global manufacturing network mechanism of the value chains specialization that GMS joinedFirstly,the technology,capital and labor-intensive manufacturing industries have formed the connection of material,knowledge,capital and personnel between GMS and the global production network.Secondly,the association mechanism between the foreign-invested enterprises in GMS and other global companies occurs that the foreign-invested companies introduce production equipment,intermediate raw materials,manufacturing technology and senior staff and export products to other countries around the world.The investment of foreign enterprises pays more attention to the policy and location of the host country.Compared with the foreign-invested enterprises,the association mechanism of the local enterprises is through the purchase of equipment,technology imitation,personnel communication and OEM.The investment of local enterprises pays more attention to accessing the raw materials and technology.Thirdly,the results from comparing GMS level1,leve12 and level3 manufacturing industries are that the external dependent,the proportion of OEM,the technical similarity and the investment restriction gradually increase from level 1 to level3 manufacturing industries in GMS.(3)The analysis of the global manufacturing network evolution of the value chains specialization that GMS joinedThe results show that GMS in technology-intensive manufacturing enterprises belong to the evolution of the embedded network module network.The internal network presents the connection module itself to strengthen the trend.Short-term performance of path dependent effects.Long-term embodied in embedded global level by center gradually shift to the center,and the evolution of the local companies present a higher level embedded process faster,lower level the evolution of the foreign enterprises embedded process faster.Capital-intensive manufacturing enterprises as the evolution of the embedded network is scale-free network,and the internal network show the "Matthew effect".Short-term performance of path dependent effects.Long-term embodied in the global level of continuous strengthen the center and secondary center,and the strengthening rate of foreign enterprises is faster than the local enterprises.Labor-intensive manufacturing enterprises also belong to level module network,but the difference is the internal network both presents a strengthening trend of connection module itself,and presents the trend of strengthen the connection between the various modules.Short-term performance of path dependent effects.The long-term embodiment is to embed the global level from single-tier modules to multi-level modules,and local enterprises are faster than foreign enterprises. |
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