Research On Factor Quality And Labor Income In China Under The Background Of Global Value Chain Division Of Labor

In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,China's economy has made rapid progress.Since the mid-1990 s,the proportion of China's labor remuneration in the initial distribution has been declining,which has become the focus of attention of academia,government and society.The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly points out that "to achieve simultaneous growth of residents' income while economic growth,and to achieve simultaneous improvement of labor remuneration while improving labor productivity".Therefore,improving the income of labor factors and realizing the sharing of economic development achievements have become the focus of China's income distribution reform in the new era.At the same time,with the value chain division of labor under the trade interests are increasingly reflected in the elements of income to participate in the division of labor.China has become the largest value-added exporter in the world,but whether the scale of value-added matches the trade interests is a matter of concern.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to systematically study the impact of factor quality on the improvement of factor income in China under the division of global value chain.On the one hand,when assessing the scale and trade interests of a country's value-added trade,both international organizations and scholars at home and abroad have studied the primary distribution of factor income,without measuring the more intuitive income index of unit labor factor income.On the other hand,China's economy is in the key period of transforming its development mode,optimizing its economic structure and transforming its growth momentum.To improve factor income from the perspective of factor quality is in line with the general direction of national economic development,and is of great significance for China to move towards the middle and high end of the global value chain.This paper studies the income of labor factors participating in the division of labor in value chain in China,and compares and refers to the major regions and typical countries in the world.On the basis of value added accounting,this paper constructs a factor income distribution model,calculates the factor income of labor in major regions and typical countries of the world,and emphatically analyses the quality effect of factors affecting the change of factor income by hierarchical structure decomposition(HSDA).The empirical model uses logarithmic linear model,fixed effect instrumental variable method to estimate,and also carries out heterogeneity analysis and mechanism test.This paper mainly focuses on the following seven parts: The first part is the introduction.At present,the further development of the division of labor in global value chain and the trend of the distribution of trade interests to factors provide important research significance for this paper.On the basis of existing literature research,this paper puts forward the content and framework of this study.The second part is the theoretical basis and mechanism.This paper combs the distribution of factor income under different stages of trade theory,and analyses the mechanism of factor quality on factor income promotion.The third part is the development of labor factors in China under the division of global value chain.From the skill level and industry structure of labor factors in China,we can see the current situation of the development of labor factors in China,and sort out the characteristics of the development of labor factors in China under the global value chain division.The fourth part is the division of labor and labor income in the global value chain.This part constructs a factor income distribution model and calculates the level of labor factor income in China and major regions and countries of the world.The following conclusions are drawn:Firstly,China's income of labor factors participating in the division of global value chains is constantly increasing;secondly,although China's total value-added exports are higher than those of developed countries such as the United States,China's overall value-added export rate is not high,indicating that the depth of participation in the division of global value chains needs to be strengthened;Thirdly,the growth rate of labor factor income in China is much lower than that in developed countries such as the United States,which leads to the widening of the labor income gap between China and developed countries such as the United States.The fifth part is about the impact of factor quality on labor income under the division of global value chain.The hierarchical structure decomposition(HSDA)method is used to analyze the quality of factors affecting the change of labor factor income.The results show that the quality of factors has become the main factor affecting the growth of labor factor income.The income gap between China and other developed countries is mainly caused by the quality of factors.Therefore,factor quality hinders the improvement of China's overall labor factor income.The sixth part is an empirical study on the impact of factor quality on labor income under the division of global value chain.Through the econometric model,it is found that the improvement of factor quality in China can increase labor income.From the quality of different labor factors,the impact of high,medium and low skilled labor factors on labor income is significantly positive,indicating that labor income increases with the increase of the quality of labor factors;from the perspective of different industries,in the return of overall factor quality,high skilled labor factor quality and middle skilled labor factor quality and labor income,primary and natural resources,labor Intensive manufacturing industry,knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry,knowledge-intensive service industry and the quality of health,education and public services have a significant positive impact on labor income.In the regression of the quality of low-skilled labor factors and labor income,primary and natural resources,labor-intensive manufacturing,capital-intensive manufacturing,knowledge-intensive manufacturing,Knowledge-intensive Services and health,education,public service industries,the quality of low-skilled labor factors has a significant positive impact on low-skilled labor income.From the two mechanisms of material capital and human capital,it is proved that the quality of labor factors can improve labor income through material capital and human capital.The seventh part is the main conclusions and policy recommendations.This paper puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions from three aspects: formulating the development strategy of heterogeneous elements,fostering the development of domestic advanced elements,introducing superior resources,promoting the ascent of China's global value chain status,going out to integrate high-end elements,and laying out the global value chain system with China as the core.It will help our country to improve the quality of labor factors,increase labor income,further promote the balanced development of high,medium and low skilled labor factors,and promote our country to obtain more trade benefits in the global economic development.At the same time,it will realize the high-end status of China's value chain and extend to the low-end value chain,so as to build China as the main core.Value chain division system.