Study On The Influence Of Community Built Environment On Transportation-Related And Leisure Physical Activities Of Children And Adolescents

Purposes:Urban community built environment and physical activity,a unique and far-reaching topic,to coordinate the sustainable development of urban community built environment and take into account the promotion of physical activity of urban children and adolescents,has become one of the important issues in the development of urbanization in China.This is because physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles have become the first independent risk factors for chronic disease.According to the evaluation report of China children and adolescents’ physical fitness index(2017),the score of community environment is far lower than that of school environment,and the support function of community environment is obviously insufficient.The imbalance of environment support restricts the improvement of children and adolescents’ physical fitness level.Therefore,the study of the relationship between the built environment of urban communities and physical activities of children and adolescents has attracted increasing attention.So this research mainly based on the New Urbanism,Urban Smart Growth theory and Urban Sprawl theory,explore urban community built environment on child and adolescent traffic and leisure physical activity,and selected parts of Suzhou children as sample,measuring the physical activities,the measurement results and the community built environment characteristics matching,on the one hand,found that affect of child and adolescent physical activity,on the other hand,to discover the characteristics of community built environments suitable for physical activity of children and adolescents.Method:This article use the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)and Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale(NEWS)respectively acquisition of child and adolescent traffic and leisure physical activity data from some provinces and regions in China,the subjective and objective data of community built environment,establishing community built environment and the relationship between the Physical Activity.By using the data acquisition method combining online map,POI(point of interesting)data and field investigation,The traditional community,ordinary commercial housing community and middle and high-end community in Suzhou were selected as the case communities to construct the spatial attribute database of the built environment of each community.With ArcGIS10.2 as the platform,the spatial analysis method(kernel density analysis method and spatial autocorrelation method)was applied.Within 1200 m buffer analysis of space distribution characteristics of POI,such as catering,shopping,life,sports leisure,scenic spots,science and culture,health,transportation,and financial insurance 9 kinds of daily service facilities,used to verify the evaluation between community built environment and children traffic and leisure physical activities relationship.The characteristics of community built environment suitable for children and adolescents to carry out traffic and recreational physical activities.Research findings:Results:(1)Due to geographical distribution,urban built environment,seasonalclimate and other factors,the physical activity levels of the study subjects in different test areas are quite different.Chinese children and adolescents show different characteristics in different provinces in terms of transportation and leisure physical activities.Children and adolescents have the characteristics of more male than female students in transportation and leisure physical activities,and overall types of physical activities tend to increase with age.(2)In Transportation-related physical activity,Single factor variance analysis results showed that gender,density,accessibility,pedestrian facilities and security,aesthetics,traffic,security,and hinder are the factors that influence Transportation-related physical activity of children and adolescents.Multi-factor analysis,density,aesthetics has significant positive correlation relationship between Transportation-related physical activity.Multi-factor analysis found that the P values of the density,aesthetics,and gender of Transportation-related physical activity were all <0.05,indicating that these three factors have significant correlations with children’s and children’s Transportation-related physical activity,and the corresponding influence coefficients Both 0.001 and 0.183 are greater than 0,which is a positive correlation.The Transportation-related physical activity of boys is significantly higher than that of girls.(3)In leisure physical activities,The single factor screened out seven suspicious influencing factors that may affect leisure physical activity,including age,gender,density,accessibility,walking facilities and safety,aesthetics,and law and order.Multi-factor analysis found that for moderate-intensity leisure physical activity,the corresponding P values of density and law and order are all<0.05,indicating that these two factors have a significant correlation with moderate-intensity leisure physical activity,and the corresponding influence coefficients 0.001 and 0.123 were greater than 0,which were positive correlations.The moderate-intensity leisure physical activity of boys was significantly higher than that of girls.For high-intensity leisure physical activity,the corresponding P values of density and aesthetics are all <0.05,indicating that these two factors have a significant correlation with high-intensity leisure physical activity in children and adolescents,and the corresponding influence coefficients are respectively Both0.001 and 0.171 are greater than 0,which is a positive correlation.The corresponding P values for the 10-12,13-15 age group are all <0.05,and the corresponding influence coefficients are-0.439,-0.276 are less than 0,indicating that the high-intensity leisure physical activities of the 10-12,13-15 age group are It is significantly lower than the high-intensity leisure physical activity of the 16-18 age group.The high-intensity leisure physical activity of boys is significantly higher than that of girls.(4)From the perspective of Transportation-related physical activity of children and adolescents,Z community >Y community > W community.From the perspective of leisure physical activity of children and adolescents,Z community >Y community > Wcommunity.Walkability of Z community > Y community > W community.The number of POI points in the built environment in the buffer zone of0-400 m,400-800 m and 800-1200 m are Z community > Y community > Wcommunity.From the perspective of Kernel Density and Moran’sI,the distribution of POI points in Z community is relatively concentrated,with high kernel density and Moran’sI,dense road network,good street connectivity,complete public transport facilities and high security.The kernel density of Y community and W community is low,however,the distribution of POI points is relatively concentrated in a corner.so the Moran’sI is low.(5)The physical activity of children and adolescents in Z community is relatively large.The spatial characteristics of Z community are rich in daily service facilities,large number of community facilities and the degree of agglomeration is high,perfect community service functions,reasonable spatial layout of daily service facilities,dense traffic facilities,high coverage and density of community pedestrian network,high pedestrian index level,and good continuity,it is an ideal community suitable for children and adolescents to engage in Transportation-related physical activity and leisure physical activity.The children and adolescents of Y community and W community have less physical activity,The spatial characteristics of plot daily services formats are not rich,the small number of community facilities and the degree of agglomeration is low,community service function remains to be further perfect,daily service facilities space layout is unreasonable,less traffic facilities,community walking network coverage is not high,density is small,the construction is insufficient,the low level of walkability score,and poor continuity.It is not suitable for children and adolescents to engage in traffic and recreational physical activities,it is not an ideal community to engage in traffic and leisure physical activities.Conclusions:(1)Density and aesthetics are the environmental factors that influence the Transportation-related physical activity of children and adolescents.There was significant difference in Transportation-related physical activity between the boys and giels.Generally speaking,the high-density and aesthetic community built environment is beneficial for children and adolescents to carry out traffic physical activities.(2)Density and public order are the environmental factors that affect the children’s leisure activities.Density and aesthetics are the environmental factors that influence children’s leisure activities.There are significant differences in high-intensity leisure physical activities among different age groups.There are significant differences in high-intensity leisure physical activities between boys and giels.Generally speaking,the community built environment with high density,high aesthetic and good public security is beneficial for children and adolescents to have leisure physical activities.(3)The communities with more traffic and leisure physical activity of children and adolescents have the characteristics of smart growth city,which are mainly manifested in high walkability of community environment,large number of POI points,rich types and even distribution,large nuclear density and high spatial autocorrelation coefficient.The communities with less traffic and leisure physical activity of children and adolescents have the characteristics of urban sprawl,whichare mainly manifested in the low walkability of community environment,the small number of POI points,the single type and uneven distribution,the small nuclear density and the low spatial autocorrelation coefficient.(4)The community built environment suitable for children and adolescents to engage in traffic and leisure physical activities has the following five spatial characteristics: high-density development of community built environment,mixed use of multi-functional land,high accessibility of community built environment,high walkability of community built environment,and transit-oriented development mode.