| The World Health Organization(WHO)issued a plan to promote physical activity,which pointed out that three quarters of the world’s children and adolescents did not reach the recommended amount of "at least 60 minutes of moderate to high intensity physical activity each day",and the lack of physical activity of children and adolescents in China has also become a common situation.Increasing and optimizing the built environment of urban parks where children and adolescents often engage in recreational physical activities is considered to be an effective way to promote physical activities and ensure health development.The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of the built environment of physical activity-friendly urban parks.Research purpose: By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the built environment of urban parks and the spatial characteristics of the physical activity distribution of children and adolescents in urban parks,the physical activity attraction of the built environment characteristics of urban parks is visualized,and the impact of the built environment characteristics of urban parks on the physical activity of children and adolescents is explored.Research methods: ArcGIS spatial analysis method,SOPARC observation method,document data method and mathematical statistics method are mainly used to explore the spatial characteristics of physical activities of children and adolescents in the built environment of urban parks.SOPARC was used to systematically observe the physical activities of children and adolescents in two parks in Yan’an City in two quarters,and ArcGIS was used to conduct spatial quantitative analysis of physical activities in the built environment of the park.Research results:1)The land area,vegetation quantity and water area of Luyi Ecological Park are larger than those of the Cultural Park;The cultural park charges more sites and facilities than Luyi Ecological Park;2)The number of visits to children and adolescents in Luyi Ecological Park(56.8%)was more than that in Cultural Park(43.2%);In the two parks,the number of visits of children(97.3%)was more than that of teenagers(2.7%),boys(53.3%)was more than girls(46.7%),LPA(57.8%)was more than MVPA(42.1%);The overall Moran’s I report of physical activities in the two urban parks | Z | < 1.65 and P > 0.1 presents a discrete distribution.The three areas of children’s playground,sports area and footpath in the local space of Luyi Ecological Park are HL type,and the park square and artificial pool in the cultural park are HL type;Moran’s I report of male and female students in different gender global spatial auto correlation Luyi Ecological Park | Z | < 1.65 and P > 0.1 are distributed in a discrete manner.Local auto correlation male students are HL type high in the footpath,wooden plank path,children’s playground,sports area,lakeside stone steps and hydrophilic platform,while female students are HL type high in the open space,arbor,footpath,wooden plank path,children’s playground,lakeside stone steps and hydrophilic platform steps,Moran’s I report of male and female students in the cultural park | Z | < 1.65 and P> 0.1 are randomly distributed,and the local auto correlation is not obvious;Global spatial built environment of different intensities,the Moran’s I report of LPA in Luyi Ecological Park | Z | > 1.65 and P < 0.1 showed random distribution,the Moran’s I report of MVPA | Z | < 1.65 and P > 0.1 showed aggregated distribution,the local auto correlation MVPA showed HL type in footpath,children’s playground and sports area,the global built environment of urban parks of cultural park showed random distribution,and the MVPA showed HL type in park square and artificial pool.3)The overall nuclear density analysis of physical activities of children and adolescents in urban parks shows that children’s playgrounds,hydrophilic platforms,lakeside stone steps,park squares,and artificial pools form high-density areas,with a high probability of physical activity occurring in these areas;The analysis of hot and cold spots of physical activity among children and adolescents in urban parks by gender shows that there is a 90% confidence level that the trails in Zone 1 and Zone 2 are hot spots for boys’ physical activity,and a90% confidence level that the children’s playground in Zone 3 is a hot spot for girls’ physical activity;The nuclear density analysis of different intensities of physical activity among children and adolescents in urban parks shows that MVPA forms high-density areas in children’s playgrounds,sports areas,park squares,and artificial pools.The cold hot spot analysis shows that 99% confidence believes that children’s playgrounds,95%confidence believes that sports areas,and 90% confidence believes that footpaths,park squares,and artificial pools are MVPA hot spots.The conclusions :1)There are differences in the built environment of different types of urban parks in terms of floor area,vegetation quantity,water area,and free facilities.The size of floor area and free facilities are positively correlated with the frequency of moderate to high intensity physical activity.2)In urban parks,there are more children than adolescents.The built environment characterized by children’s physical activity friendliness is characterized by rich recreational facilities and prominent naturalness,while the built environment characterized by youth friendliness is characterized by professional sports venues.3)In urban parks,there are more boys than girls.The built environment characterized by physical activity friendliness for boys is sports venues,while the built environment characterized by friendliness for girls is recreational facilities.4)The built environment of urban parks that attract children and adolescents to engage in moderate to high intensity physical activities is characterized by the diversity of recreational facilities,the professionalism of sports venues,the flat and open terrain,and the pro natural nature. |
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