| Chinese traditional body knowledge is a vital part of Chinese traditional scientific knowledge.Taijiquan is a kind of body activities with a long history,widespread dissemination and substantial traditional theoretical research,and the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan is typical Chinese traditional body knowledge.The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan is obtained from the practice of Taijiquan,verified and applied to the practice of Taijiquan.It is deeply influenced by the traditional cultural environment of China,significantly different from the relevant knowledge in modern science.The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan focuses on the exploration of the body movement mechanism to achieve the function of fitness and fighting,and this exploration expands and deepens on the level of body function and body composition,thus forming the traditional body knowledge system of Taijiquan.The close relationship between body and movement,the function orientation of fitness and fighting are the remarkable characteristics of the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan.Taijiquan works in the period of the Republic of China summarized and explained the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan in a more specific,popular and systematic way.At the same time,this traditional knowledge had an unprecedented connection with science.From the visible Taijiquan books of the Republic of China,this study selects the works of the five Taijiquan masters(Chen Weiming,Hu Pu’an,Xiang kairan,Xu Zhen,Zheng Manqing)that are closely related to the topic for in-depth analysis.At the same time,combined with the practical experience of Taijiquan and the overall understanding of Chinese traditional culture,it tries to sort out and show the content and characteristics of the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan,and analyzes the specific situation of scientific factors in the works of the five Taijiquan masters.In this study,the basic information of the five masters and their related works are summarized.In this paper,the main frame is determined according to the time sequence of relevant theoretical knowledge.The following contents are studied respectively:1)Chen Weiming and Hu Pu’an’s body knowledge towards systematicness: the body movement to understand the Taoist philosophy;the body knowledge in the “Ten Essentials of Taijiquan”;the movement centered on the abdomen;Zhong-zheng-an-shu and the ability of Tingjin: the cultivation of body fighting state;the legend of Taijiquan masters: the possibility of body fighting state.2)Xiang Kairan’s body knowledge system with circular movement as the core: circular movement of the body;the Thirteen-shi: the inclusion of different body movement trends;the special strength of Taijiquan;the breath of Taijiquan: Qi movement around the whole body.3)Xu Zhen’s body knowledge system marked by "Xing-Qi-Shen" : the three-level body view of "Xing-Qi-Shen";habit: the plasticity of body;the transformation of Xing;the practice of Qi;the adjustment of Shen.4)Zheng Manqing’s body knowledge system marked by "Yinyang-Qi " :the body view of "Yinyang-Qi ";the knowledge on the Xing;the comparison of human and animals’ bodies;association,imagination and epiphany: the thinking modes of understanding body and changing body;scientific knowledge related to body.This study sums up and compares the traditional body knowledge in the Taijiquan works of the five masters,and holds that the nature of the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan is a kind of experiential body knowledge that integrates Xing and Shen in the process of exercise.It does not present a purely static and objective or completely neat and realistic body picture.There is no strict relationship of accumulation,change or development between the specific contents of the five masters’ body knowledge.The summary and elucidation of the five masters mainly depend on personal practice and perception,so their knowledge has certain characteristics of pointdistribution.However,from the aspect of the richness and systematization of five masters’ body knowledge,we can see the obvious development vein.Taijiquan researchers are influenced by the scientific research ideas of western sports.The consciousness of "Taijiquan is the movement of the body,and understanding the body is the basis and necessity" becomes clear.Body knowledge has been paid more and more attention to as the theoretical basis of Taijiquan.In addition to the discussion of body movement mechanism,the five masters’ understanding of body composition,body function has become more and more substantial.The five masters’ interpretation of body knowledge is more and more complete and in-depth,the trend of theorization and systematization is obviously enhanced,and more and more modern scientific factors are involved.This paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan: The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan emphasizes the understanding of body from the perspective of natural philosophy and in the way of thinking of the unity of man and nature;The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan holds that the ideal body is the unity of Xing and Shen,and Taijiquan is a means of pursuing the unity of Xing and Shen;The practice way of introspection and observation of Taijiquan determines uniqueness of the experiential knowledge;The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan has a unique system;The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan has an inevitable connection with the unique movement mode of Taijiquan;The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan emphasizes the dynamic understanding and mastering of the body;The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan has the characteristics of individuation,showing certain artistic attributes;From the perspective of thinking mode and core concept,the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan embodies the important characteristics of Chinese traditional body knowledge.This paper sums up and compares the modern scientific factors related to body in Xiang Kairan,Xu Zhen and Zheng Manqing’s Taijiquan works.It is believed that Taijiquan researchers in the Republic of China have differentviews on the relationship between traditional body knowledge and the related knowledge of modern science.Zheng Manqing and Xu Zhen actively use modern scientific knowledge to explain the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan,but they have limited scientific literacy and are deeply affected by the way of thing of relying on experience and perception.Their research rarely conforms to the norms of modern science,and it is difficult to be included in the scope of modern science.According to the standard modern scientific form,the scientific progress of Taijiquan’s traditional body knowledge in the period of the Republic of China is not ideal,and its achievements are limited,and its development level is far behind the advanced level of China’s natural science at that time.However,this study also reflects some complex situations in the relationship between the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan and the related knowledge of the modern science in the Republic of China: Both of the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan and the modern science have the value dimension of seeking truth,but there are obvious differences between the thinking mode of overall perception of the traditional culture and the empirical research method of modern scientific analysis;The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan plays an important role in the practice of Taijiquan,and may be transformed to science.However,experiential knowledge itself is not the same as scientific form,and there are great difficulties in communication between them;In-depth practice of Taijiquan is the basis for understanding and spreading the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan,but the great changes of the times and society have made the traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan lose its support to some extent.The traditional body knowledge of Taijiquan has the characteristics of independence and self-sufficiency,so how to make it scientific effectively is a difficult task to solve for a while. |
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