The Influence Of Immigration On Market Competitiveness Of Enterprises And Analysis Of Its Mechanism

Objectively assessing the impact of immigration on enterprise's market competitiveness(innovation and exports)has important theoretical and practical implications for the formulation of population policies in all cities in China.This paper integrates classical migration economic theory and newly developed skills heterogeneity theory and cultural diversity theory.Based on the analysis of migration direction and skills composition of immigration in China,this paper proposes the theory that immigration affects the market competitiveness of enterprises.Based on the matching data of China's industrial enterprises and urban population structure from 2005 to 2007,this paper empirically studies whether and how immigrants influence the market competitiveness of enterprises.Specifically,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,this paper uses a representative population micro-data to systematically analyze the skills of immigrants in China.This is the background and basis of this study.The research results show that,unlike industrialized countries such as OECD,domestic immigrants in China are mainly low-skilled workers(having high school education or below),and low-skilled immigrants account for nearly 89% of the total immigrant population.Second,based on innovative products are technology-intensive products,the results show that the share of immigrants with low-skilled labor as the main body has a significant inhibitory effect on the enterprise's innovation.In terms of impact mechanism,technology selection,R&D investment and capital intensity are effective mediators for the impact of immigration share on enterprise's innovation.In addition,the share of immigration has different effects on the innovation of enterprises of different scales and different ownership systems.Third,the cultural diversity is measured by the language differentiation index.The results show that the urban cultural diversity caused by the influx of immigrants with low-skilled labor force has a significant negative impact on the innovation of theenterprise.In terms of impact mechanisms,total factor productivity,R&D investment and long-term debt structure are effective mediators of cultural diversity affecting enterprise's innovation.Fourth,the research results show that high-skilled immigration shares or cultural diversity of groups have a positive effect on enterprise's innovation,while low-skilled immigration shares or cultural diversity of groups have inhibitory effects on enterprise's innovation.Fifth,based on the fact that China's labor-intensive products with low value-added features in the international market during the period of 2005-2007 have strong international competitiveness,relatively speaking,the international competitiveness of technology-intensive products is weak.The results of the study show that the share of immigration,which is mainly composed of low-skilled labor,has a positive effect on the export of enterprises.In terms of the impact mechanism,labor productivity and R&D investment are effective mediators of immigration share's influence on enterprise's exports.Sixth,the results show that the cultural diversity caused by the inflow of immigration has a positive effect on the export of enterprises.The main mechanism is the information channel.Seventh,the results show that the relatively low-skilled inflow of immigrants has an effect on the promotion of the export competitiveness of enterprises,while the relatively high-skilled immigrants' inflows have an inhibitory effect on the improvement of the export competitiveness of enterprises.In addition,based on the information spillover effect,the cultural diversity of high-skilled groups has an effect on the export competitiveness of enterprises,and the cultural diversity of low-skilled groups has a negative impact on the export competitiveness of enterprises.